In addition to its place as National Poetry Month and the
first month of the Japanese fiscal year, April is National
Autism Awareness Month in the US. The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) - a
group of conditions which includes autism, Asperger's syndrome, childhood
disintegration disorder, and other developmental disorders - affect
approximately 6 out of every 1,000 children born each year. Common symptoms
include early abnormal functioning of social interaction and communication, as
well as the prevalence of restricted, repetitive, sometimes obsessive patterns
of behavior.

The diagnosis and treatment of ASD has been controversial
since the mid-20th century. Potential causes and risk factors - from
refrigerator
mothers to excessive television - have been proposed and slowly discredited.
Equally if not more controversial is the practice of posthumously diagnosing
well-known historical figures based on biographical accounts of their eccentric
or unusual behavior. A group of researchers believe that the behaviors of three
figures well-known to the scientific community - Newton, Tesla, and Einstein -
can be explained by autism or Asperger's syndrome, while others decry this
speculation as mere unfounded pseudoscience.
According to biographical info on Sir Isaac Newton, he was
prone to offbeat behavior. He rarely spoke, suffered from anxiety and
paranoia, and often taught to an empty classroom when students failed to
show for his lectures. Newton never
married, is believed to have died a virgin, and had only one known close
acquaintance - Nicolas Fatio de Duillier - whom he corresponded with for about
three years until 1693, when it is believed that their brief friendship ended.
Opponents of Newton's theoretical autism point out that his behavior could have
been caused by mercury poisoning from his alchemical pursuits, basing their
belief on the fact that the chemical was found in large quantities in his postmortem
body.
Nikola Tesla (who? Aren't you referring to Edison?) showed savant-like
characteristics and was often described as well-dressed and suave as he roamed
the streets of New York. Tesla also possessed a number of unusual personal
traits: he claimed to have an eidetic memory, remained celibate for most of his
life, and rarely slept. His well-documented obsessive-compulsive traits include
a morbid fear of jewelry, round objects, hair, and germs, as well as an
obsession with the number three. Researchers such as Michael Fitzgerald and
Ioan James believe that these traits, combined with Tesla's supposed superhuman
powers of visualization and design, suggest that he was mildly autistic.
Despite the fact that Einstein was married several times,
had close relationships, and was publicly outspoken on political and scientific
issues, Fitzgerald, James, and Simon Baron-Cohen believe he may have had
Asperger's. Fitzgerald and James base their assertions on Einstein's control
issues, lack of social tact, and self-confessed difficulty "thinking in words."
Other
authors describe him as a loner suffering from agoraphobia who was prone to
childlike tantrums. Of all three of the great minds described here, Einstein's
diagnosis seems the least plausible.
The supposedly autistic tendencies of Newton, Tesla, and
Einstein do little to dampen their greatness, although it is interesting to
consider the historiographical effects of their purported personality flaws.
Tesla, especially, was widely misunderstood because of the lack of knowledge
pertaining to OCD in the early 20th century. Whether they suffered
from autism or were simply eccentric is and may always be a matter of
conjecture. Perhaps one of Einstein's greatest quotes might apply not only to
invention and brilliant theories but also to personal behavior : "Great spirits
have always encountered opposition from mediocre minds…"
(Image credit: sclick.net)
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