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How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

Posted July 04, 2014 12:00 PM by Engineering360 eNewsletter

Decision-making software in driverless cars must cope with significant challenges. Suppose the car must choose between colliding with a pedestrian or a car full of people, or colliding with a relatively crash-resistant Volvo or a more vulnerable Mini Cooper. In the second case, the laws of physics suggest opting for the Volvo, which will likely suffer less damage. As this article from Wired magazine suggests, liability law may not agree. Learn how seemingly sensible programming design could very well present ethical challenges.


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#1

Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/04/2014 12:30 PM

If robotic cars ever reach the point of being able to make ethical choices, perhaps a better application would be to elect them to office? The wetware kind doesn't seem to be working out.

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#2

Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/04/2014 1:03 PM

This presupposes they are going to crash.
I'd have thought they should be driving at a speed where they can safely stop, thus they will not crash into anything... but other vehicles may crash into them.
The default should be brake in a straight line.

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#3
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Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/04/2014 1:24 PM

OK, say a kid chasing a ball runs out in the road... or some other unforeseen occurrence.

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Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/04/2014 2:26 PM

So the car isn't going to scan for pedestrians and make allowances if they are small?
I think it shows up the limitation of the system. At best they can assist the driver... at worst they will cause driver inattention/negligence.

Brake as hard as possible, if the kid can't bee seen in advance there will be little time to swerve. Hard braking is prob' the best option...

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Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/05/2014 7:47 AM

A good driver will notice a bouncing ball in his peripheral vision, anticipate that there might be a kid chasing it, and be prepared to stop, especially in neighborhoods where there are children playing.

The first time a driverless car runs over a child, there will be major repercussions.

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Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/04/2014 3:30 PM

I say run little Timmy over then hang his carcass on the stop sign at the end of the block and let him be a lesson to the rest of the kids in the area to pay attention when they are near the street.

As I have come to see it humans are the only things that assume that the smaller slower weaker object opposed to the larger faster stronger moving object has the right of way.

But that's just me.

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#4

Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/04/2014 2:24 PM

Are human drivers capable of making these decisions in such a situation? Can they make these decisions when they are intoxicated or reading a text message on there cell phone? Good drivers avoid these situations by being constantly aware of the environment that they are driving in and being prepared for potentially dangerous situations. Good software should do the same.

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#8

Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/05/2014 10:22 AM

The theory may be great as a "Wowo, I will live in the future' mentality', However do you really want to be so lazy about driving. If so take a damned bus and stay of the roads. No 2, do you really want the police to have control of your vehicle which you own, you have paid for, maintained and serviced. Oh yes colleagues it is on the books for the police to slow and stop you car from their on-board laptop.

So your new privately owned vehicle, with all the bells and whistles runs someone over or smashes into another idiot mobile, do you really think you will not be held responsible? Are they going to sue your computer?

Come on lads, we should not even be entertaining this if you are a vehicle owner. This is all for bus and train commuters. Soon you will not require a drivers licence, just an IT diploma, some MS software, an android phone, and an expensive subscription to a a GPS. God forbid. Take the wheels of these ideas and decide yourself when to turn right or left. The IRS, NSA, FBI will be hacking your car next, then what will you do? If you don't want to drive take a bus!!!! Or walk!

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#9

Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/05/2014 12:57 PM

If it can just video tape the one who caused the accident and call 911, that will be good enough.....

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#10

Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/06/2014 8:09 PM

Ethics will have nothing to do with it, they will be programmed to take the path of least liability or economic damage to the insurance companies.

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#11

Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/07/2014 10:06 AM

To my mind at least, this will depend greatly on the effectiveness and range of the sensors installed.

The computer control system will be able to sense, calculate, and respond much faster than a human can.The physics of braking and turning are much easier for a machine to calculate on the fly in an emergency.Antilock brakes are a good example. Very few humans can better the stopping distance of the current technology under any circumstances.

What makes the difference will be how effective is the machines situational awareness?

The mechanics of it are really a non issue, the speed of reaction, likewise. The key is how well it sees and perceives its surroundings.

A wise man once noted that it will be impossible for autodrive cars to operate on the same roadways as human drive cars because humans are terrible drivers.

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#12

Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/07/2014 11:19 AM

Once again we are a step away from the complication nobody wants to consider with robotic cars. Who carries the liability when a robotic car fails to safely respond in any situation? Unlike many other "rose colored glasses" reports that focus on how a robotic will reduce accidents, this article acknowledges that even with algorithm control accidents will still happen. Hopefully each accident will be unique and a panel (jury?) should examine the situation to identify the cause of the incident. My question is who, if anyone, is exempt from possible liability?

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#13

Re: How Will Driver-less Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/07/2014 7:37 PM

If driver-less cars ever becomes a reality, for it to have any chance of working, fed will mandate that all cars not equipped with the technology must be banned from public roadways. It doesn't make much sense to be able to make an emergency stop and have an 18 wheeler crush you like a bug. There are times when an emergency stop could save you and other times when you would be in more danger.

One time, I was braking behind a car and saw in my rear view mirror a car barreling down on me. I knew he was going to hit me, so in a split second, I removed my foot from the brake and accelerated into another lane. Yes, I also took into account the other lane was available before moving. As a result, I avoided being hit and I think I provided enough space for the other car to stop. In all, a tragic accident was avoided. It all happened in milli-seconds; too fast to think, only react. I know not all drivers are able to react like that. Oh BTW, I did have some racing background. I'm now almost 80 and still feel confident behind the wheel. I am very calm driving. I'm sure my reaction times have probably diminished somewhat. I'm sure there are race car drivers who would agree with my assessment of defensive driving. I may have gotten off track, but I would not like to see driver-less cars become reality. I'm happy fending for myself.

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#14

Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/08/2014 11:30 PM

I have not YET, but I AM going to read this article. I just felt the need to post this 'rant' prior to reading it, because I find the whole concept of 'driverless vehicles' repugnant! Not because I am a Luddite who abhors progress; but, because of the politicosophical 'bottom line', that it represents. Who the bloody hell "needs", let alone "wants" a driverless vehicle? I don't object to the ongoing research, which is behind this "drive" towards vehicular autonomy; and, I can fully appreciate the advances that our modern cars have gained from that sort of research. Everything from automatic transmissions, to ABS breaks, to 'total breaking' faster than a human can react; but, these are things, which up till now are 'add-ons', which make the 'human experience' of the act of commanding a vehicle safer, and more enjoyable.

Just a short analogistic 'aside' here, in order to make one of several points: Speaking as a Vascular Technologist, and one who literally takes people's blood pressures accurately all day long, I can knowledgeably say; that, the reason most "automatic blood pressure machines" are notoriously INACCURATE is precisely 'BECAUSE' they have removed the "human element" from the process! A human can sense, and react to things, that even the most advanced 'fuzzy logic' circuitry will always find trouble resolving easily, and inexpensively. (That is my second point! All this Autonomous Technology is going to be hellaciously expensive for the average man.) I can listen to, and sense the right speed (AND, vary it on the fly), when lowering the cuff pressure in order to be able to determine very accurately what a person's blood pressure is, even if they have a very slow heart rate, and a very erratic heart beat. Every single automatic cuff out there has one set release rate for lowering the cuff pressure. Assuming it can physically be done, to build the sort of detection/correction into an automatic BP Cuff, which a human has innately would probably cost you more that it currently costs to go to the doctor's office, and have your BP taken everyday for a month! Even the Automatic BP Cuffs, that nurses wheel around in a hospital, which cost $2000, SOLELY because they are hospital equipment are not anymore technologically sophisticated in their execution, than the $45 one you bought at Walmart! Apart from the costs of the obligatory liability insurance factor, the big-ass red LED display, and some memory for keeping the latest readings, they accomplish the same thing, in exactly the same way; AND, it is nowhere near as accurate, as the nurse simply putting a stethoscope on your arm and taking your pressure the "Old Fashioned Way"!

But, that just addresses the difficulty, AND the cost of trying to do what a human can do easily. As for the actual "NEED" factor, I submit that there are hundreds of people on the road right now, driving quite safely who have no arms, and some also even have no legs! Granted they "usually" have had some sort of technological accommodations for their disability, which meets or surpasses the input to the control of a vehicle, that we 'fully formed' folk are accustomed to. BUT! THEY are in control, and are doing an admirable job of executing that control! I dare say that those individuals are axiomatically safer drivers, as they are not even capable of 'driving while texting! Or, at least - no one has automated 'that distraction' for them yet!

So, you SAY: You NEED to concentrate on work during your commute! I say" fine, work in the back of your limo, while a REAL CHAOUFFER drives your privileged, powdered ass to work every morning! Their salary will cost you less than an autonomous vehicle will cost you, even in the long run; AND! You will have provided a job for someone else, who would otherwise be on the public dole, or worse yet a congressman, or Senator!! At the very least, they will make a conscience effort to miss the pot holes that the government is too broke to fix, because they have spent so much money putting sensors in the road; so, your over priced car knows the path it should stay on.

The only people on this earth who even 'think', that there is a "NEED" for totally autonomous cars, are politicians possessed of a 'totalitarianistic mind-set', who can't even bare the thought, that 'we the people' have ANY amount of freedom left to enjoy, including that of getting in a car, and actually commanding the blasted thing where to go; and, making it happen with our own mental, and physical prowess!

Can you just imagine trying to 'tell' one of these vehicles where to go, and have it understand your every word, and nuance with all the accuracy of say, 'Siri'! No dammit! I didn't say: "Drive off the Brooklyn Bridge", I said: "Drive to Moffett, and Brookland Ridge Rd."

Or, just imagine the thought, that you can't change your mind easily in the middle of a trip, and go somewhere else, without jumping through some sort of reprogramming hoops, along with those 'certain to happen' machine interpretation, and execution foul ups.

When I see futuristic flicks, where the "flying cars" are all still made to adhere to a 'single file lane' in the sky, I can just imagine some future civil engineer's mind being preprogrammed/hijacked! I also can't help but wonder, "Where the heck are all those people going?" They no longer have any sort of conventional job to commute to, especially in the middle of the day! And, all their shopping is done 'online', and all of the products that their home 'maker-bot' can't produce, that they HAVE to buy online are things being delivered by a drone! (Will those have to stay in single file lanes too?)

Lunacy! It is all Lunacy! AND, I believe Mr. Data was 'right' in his quest to be human! Let us please learn from that classic SYFI story line, removing the "Human Element" all together, should NEVER be the ultimate goal in ANY pursuit; unless, you are talking about places humans are better off not going - like driving on Mars!

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#16
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Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/09/2014 3:19 PM

I concur 100%. Imagine a driver-less school bus; kids won't stay in their seats; bus makes an emergency braking; kids fly all over the bus and get hurt. There are too many circumstances where it can't work. The only place where driver-less technology will work and already does, is in fully automated factories where driver-less carts transport materials around the floor, but off course these are controlled by magnetic fields embedded in the floor; not applicable to highway transportation.

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#15

Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/09/2014 4:24 AM

On the other hand, programming it to choose between e.g. poor cats on the street and walking politics or lawyers would be a breeze. S.M.

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#17
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Re: How Will Driverless Cars Respond to Emergencies?

07/09/2014 4:03 PM

Heh, the choice between driving on an open patch of road or jumping the curb to run over a politician is still an easy one.

You think they could program them to detect the politician from a distance, so they can 'wake up' in time to fly down the driveway and run the SOB over, then drive to the car wash and park themselves back at home?

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