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You've probably heard of carbon fiber. It's a specialty composite material that can be made many times stronger than steel and about two-thirds lighter. Years ago its cost was too rich for any budget but aerospace, but today we see it in many more applications from roadbikes to racecars, wind turbines to airplanes. But it comes at a premium that still makes it out of reach for the average consumer.
Enter the 3-D printer, a tool that can create objects straight from a CAD drawing or computer model. While some say these machines will be the start of the next revolution in manufacturing (imagine printing that replacement part you need straight from your home computer), the issue is that the plastic materials typically used in 3-D printing aren't durable enough for most applications. Two startup companies are hoping to change that by using 3-D printers to make their products out of carbon fiber.
One startup, MarkForged, has created a prototype print head that allows carbon fiber material to be printed in combination with traditional thermoplastics in layers. The other startup, Impossible Objects, has designed a printer that doesn't actually "print" carbon fiber, but instead stacks sheets of it which are bonded to a polymer powder through heat. Both these designs work to overcome the fact that carbon fiber is incompatible with traditional print heads and tends to gum them up.
The biggest marvel of using 3-D printing for carbon fiber products is that making carbon fiber composite parts is typically very labor and time intensive. It involves the making of the carbon thread precursor itself, followed by curing/gluing the threads in an epoxy material. For complex asymmetrical parts, some steps in the process are done by hand, adding to the cost. 3-D printing provides an opportunity to automate the production of more intricate carbon fiber parts, reducing their cost.
The companies are aiming to sell their machines to manufacturers who want to make their own parts. This may create new markets for carbon fiber material and make 3-D printing suitable for more industries. That is exciting news when considering how many ways the material could be used today if cost were not a barrier. Though in the meantime you can treat yourself to this $100 carbon fiber wallet.
Source: MIT Technology Review
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