It is the beginning of September and a new school year is upon us. With back to school on people’s minds, I overheard an interesting discussion regarding the use of laptop computers in college classrooms, specifically their use for taking lecture notes on. This intrigued me as I currently have two children attending college, both equipped with laptops. Many moons ago when I attended college, lecture notes were taken by hand on paper, never typed into a computer. But I really had no other option (besides recording the lecture onto cassette tapes using my Walkman – but we won’t go there). The question arose in my mind: would I have taken notes on a computer if I had had the opportunity? Is one method better than the other? I did some research and discovered numerous studies regarding the use of laptops, and electronics in general, in classrooms. Two interesting studies discussed the distraction potential of electronics and the possibility of mindless note taking.
While sitting in class, a notification pops up on a student’s computer indicating that a friend is trying to get in touch with her about plans for the night. Even if this student doesn’t respond to this message, she has been distracted. What did the teacher say that she has now missed? This is the distraction potential of electronics that researchers state is detrimental on today’s students. In a study by Rutgers University, students in two identical sections of a Cognitive Psychology class were allowed electronics use during half of the semester’s classes. Subsequent, in-class quiz scores on material just discussed were about equal for all students, regardless of whether electronics were used during that class. However, on later exams, performance on questions covering material presented on the days electronics were permitted was poor. This was true not only for students who used the devices themselves, but also for those who were sitting next them, distracted by the popups or movement on the screen beside them. According to the study, this drop in performance, up to half a letter grade, indicated a poor retention of material when electronics are involved.
Another student, a proficient typist, is diligently typing the words she hears the professor say verbatim, not allowing herself to get distracted by anything non-class related. Is this an effective use of electronics in a classroom? A series of studies on mindless note taking was performed at Princeton University and the University of California, Los Angeles. In these studies, students were assigned a laptop or a paper notebook on which to take notes. Subsequent testing found that the students taking notes longhand performed better than the laptop using students. The authors’ conclusion was that, since students type faster than they write, the teacher’s words traveled right through to the laptop without being processed at all. While the students taking notes longhand had to think about condensing the concepts in order to write them on the page and still keep up with the lecture. This gave the hand writers the edge.
These studies are just two examples of numerous studies performed regarding the use of electronics in an educational environment. As a direct result of the first study mentioned, France recently passed a law that bans the use of all smart phones in schools for children ages 3 to 15. Schools with students older than 15 are given the choice to adopt the ban. Because of both studies, numerous college professors currently ban the use of any electronics during their classes (although my son found the ban on coffee in his 8:00 class to be more painful).
An interesting side note, some are interpolating from the above research, among other studies, that personal electronics, specifically smart phones, should be restricted in the business environment. Some of these studies show that it takes up to 20 minutes to return to a task after being disrupted by anything, including checking a phone, resulting in lost productivity.
So, what is the solution? I’d love to tell you but I need to go check my phone …
References:
Ban on smartphones in France:
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/want-to-check-your-phone-or-tablet-during-class-it-may-cost-you-dearly-2018-07-30
Dividing attention in the classroom reduces exam performance:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01443410.2018.1489046
Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking:
https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/sites.udel.edu/dist/6/132/files/2010/11/Psychological-Science-2014-Mueller-0956797614524581-1u0h0yu.pdf
Professor banning laptops from class:
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/22/business/laptops-not-during-lecture-or-meeting.html?mtrref=t.co%20%20
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