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I’ve been avoiding jet-air hand dryers in public restrooms ever since I first saw the film Desperately Seeking Susan. Appalled by the scene where Madonna rotates a hand dryer nozzle upward so that she can dry her armpits, I have, from that moment on, opted for paper towels to dry my hands after a good, Silkwood-style washing.
And if paper towels weren’t an option, I would choose instead to dry off using whatever clothing I had worn that had not run the risk of touching Madonna’s armpit.
Now it seems I’m not alone in my aversion to jet-air hand dryers….
According to research recently published in the Journal of Hospital Infection, researchers are arguing that jet-air hand dryers should no longer be used in hospital restrooms as they are responsible for spreading more germs than paper towels.
According to Mark Wilcox, professor of medical microbiology at the University of Leeds and study supervisor, new evidence suggests that guidance concerning the prevention of bacterial contamination in hospital settings needs to address the use of jet-air hand dryers and their role in bacterial contamination.
To observe bacterial spread in a real-world setting, researchers analyzed toilets in use at three different hospitals in the UK, France and Italy. All of the toilets were equipped with both paper towel dispensers and jet-air hand dryers, yet only one of them was in operation each day.
According to Professor Wilcox: “The problem starts because some people do not wash their hands properly.
"When people use a jet-air dryer, the microbes get blown off and spread around the toilet room.
"In effect, the dryer creates an aerosol that contaminates the toilet room, including the dryer itself and potentially the sinks, floor and other surfaces, depending on the dryer design and where it is sited. If people touch those surfaces, they risk becoming contaminated by bacteria or viruses.
"Jet-air dryers often rely on no-touch technology to initiate hand drying. However, paper towels absorb the water and microbes left on the hands and if they are disposed of properly, there is less potential for cross-contamination."
The study, led by researchers from the University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, focused on levels of bacterial contamination in the bathrooms over the course of 12 weeks, with samples taken to reflect when both the hand-dryers and the paper towels were in use.
After reviewing the data, the teams concluded that bacterial counts were higher in the restrooms during those periods when the hand dryers were in use.
Professor Wilcox said: "We found multiple examples of greater bacterial contamination on surfaces, including by faecal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, when jet-air dryers rather than paper towels were in use. Choice of hand drying method affects how likely microbes can spread, and so possibly the risk of infection."
Frédéric Barbut, Professor of Microbiology at Saint Antoine (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), said: "The higher environmental contamination observed when using jet air-dryers compared with paper towels increases the risk for cross-contamination.
"These results confirm previous laboratory-based findings and support the recent French guidelines regarding hand hygiene, which discourage using jet-air dryers in clinical wards."
For more on the study, go to the Journal of Hospital Infection.
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