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Sniff. Sneeze. Cough. All year long (but especially in winter), people buy products to prevent illness or relieve cold symptoms. In recent years, one of the over-the-counter (OTC) products that's made a big splash is called Airborne. But does this best-selling health supplement really do any good?
Airborne is a mixture of herbal extracts, vitamins, electrolytes, amino acids, and antioxidants. To understand this dietary cocktail, let's examine its ingredients and their effects upon the human body. At the same time, we'll consider the effects of so-called "mega doses".
Vitamin C
Vitamin C helps protect the body from oxidative stress, and is a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. Although Vitamin C is essential, more isn't necessarily better. For adults, 2000 mg a day is the upper limit. Doses in excess of this amount can result in diarrhea, stomach cramps, and nausea - the very symptoms that many cold sufferers seek to avoid.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that helps protect the body's cells from the damaging by-products of energy metabolism. Vitamin E also helps with immune functions, DNA repair, and other metabolic processes. Like Vitamin C, Vitamin E is good in limited amounts. Large doses can cause stomach problems, nausea, fatigue, weakness, headaches, and/or blurred vision. 
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is a vitamin and cofactor that leads to oxidoreductases and energy-carrying molecules. An essential part of the B-vitamin family, riboflavin is needed for the breakdown of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. It's important to restore your body's supply of riboflavin each day since it's a water-soluble substance. Excess amounts are excreted through urine. Excessive doses are possible, however, and adverse reactions may include itching, numbness, burning or prickling sensations, and sensitivity to light.
Magnesium (as Oxide & Sulfate)
Magnesium enables the body to absorb calcium and Vitamin C. It also helps convert blood sugar to energy, and performs other important tasks. As with so many things, more is not necessarily better. Some side effects of excessive amounts of magnesium include kidney failure, changes in mental awareness and functioning, nausea, diarrhea, appetite loss, muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, extremely low blood pressure, and irregular heartbeat. In short, the common cold seems mild by comparison.
Zinc (as Sulfate)
Zinc plays a role with 300 different enzymes, helping to facilitate the enzymatic reactions of the metabolism of carbohydrates and protein. Zinc also helps the immune system by regulating T lymphocytes; and aids fetal development, sensory perception, and the liver's release of Vitamin A. If excessive amounts of zinc are consumed, a person may experience stomach aches, nausea, and heartburn. If an excessive amount is continued over an extended period of time, problems may include a decrease in copper, iron, and magnesium levels. This impedes the body's immune system and lowers the body's "good cholesterol" (HDL) levels.
Selenium (as Amino Acid Chelate)
Selenium provides antioxidant properties that help rid the body of free radicals which can lead to illnesses such as cancer and heart disease. Excessive amounts of selenium can cause selenosis, a condition which causes stomach aches, hair loss, white blotchy nails, bad breath, fatigue, irritability, and nerve damage.
Manganese (as Gluconate)
Manganese is necessary for normal brain and nerve functions. It also helps in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, along with calcium reabsorption and sugar regulation. Another important task for manganese is the formation of connective tissue, bones, blood-clotting factors, and sex hormones. Too much manganese can cause mental and physical problems, however. People's movements can become clumsy, and emotional and mental disturbances may occur.
Sodium
Sodium is an important part of your diet, and something you should keep track of. Too much can cause serious problems. Too little can do the same. Sodium helps balance fluids in the body and generates gradients across cells for nutrient uptake. It also causes electrical impulses in nerve and muscles. Over time, however, too much sodium can cause high blood pressure, a medical condition which can lead to stroke or heart disease.
Potassium
Like sodium, potassium helps maintain the body's fluid balance, and performs many other important functions. For example, potassium regulates heart function, reduces blood pressure, and is used in protein and nucleid synthesis. If too much potassium is consumed, an individual's kidneys will simply excrete the excess potassium in urine.
All of the ingredients in Airborne are important to the human body and promote its proper functioning; however, taking Airborne in addition to other supplements that contain these ingredients could actually make you sick. Airborne may help you stay healthy this winter, but don't forget some old advice. Cover your head, button your jacket, and wash your hands frequently with soap and water. And good luck dodging the germs this season!
Resources:
http://www.airbornehealth.com/products_original.php
http://www.airbornehealth.com/about_index.php
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/vitamin-e.html
http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamine.asp
http://www.natural-health-information-centre.com/potassium.html
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-zinc.html
http://www.nutrasanus.com/manganese.html
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4708
http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/selenium.asp
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