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Radon, a deadly, odorless carcinogen may exist in your home – whether you know it or not. As one of the heaviest elements found in the gaseous state, radon can build up to lethal concentrations in basements and low lying areas. Exposing yourself to rather low concentrations of radon will increase your chances of developing lung cancer. Radon is second only to smoking as the leading cause of lung cancer in the United States today.
So what is Radon? Radon is an unstable, radioactive daughter product of the uranium decay series. The unstable Uranium-234, breaks down to Thorium-230, to Radium-226, and then Radon-222. Radon goes through further mutation, giving off Beta and Alpha particles until it reaches a stable state at Pb-206 or Lead-206. Even though the half life of radon is only 3.8 days, it is the only daughter product that is found in the gaseous state and can easily enter your body through your reparatory organs.
Where does radon come from? As cited above, radon comes from the breakdown of Uranium-234. Uranium can be found as a naturally occurring element in soils, so the point source of radon is the ground we walk on and the water we drink. Houses and other structures that have wells and sump pumps allow radon to travel through larger distances and accumulate in your house or basement.
The safest practice is to sample the air quality in your house and/or basement, and insure that radon does not exceed its legal limits. If you do have a problem with your air quality, ventilation systems are able to reduce radon concentration to below legal limits. The safest bet is to test your house and take the necessary actions.
Resources:
https://www.epa.gov/radon/pubs/citguide.html
http://www.epa.gov/radon/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon
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