India has launched its first mission to the Moon in a bid to create
the highest resolution 3D maps of the lunar surface and provide a
complete chemical mapping of the Moon's soil. The unmanned Chandryaan–1
spacecraft successfully launched from Sriharikota, an island off the
coast of the southern state of Andhra Pradesh at 06:22 local time and
is expected to arrive in the Moon's orbit on 27th October.
The Chandryaan–1
craft, was commissioned in 2003 by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) at a cost of $83m. Chandrayaan — Sanskrit for
'mooncraft' — is expected to last two years and will orbit the Moon
100 km above the surface to perform remote experiments at visible,
infrared and X–ray frequencies.
The craft weighs over 1300 kg and carries 11 instruments — five
scientific payloads from India and six from outside space agencies.
Chandryaan–1 will also carry a 25 kg impactor — bearing the Indian flag
— that will hit the surface and throw up lunar dust, which will be
instantly analyzed by an Indian built mass spectrometer . The two main
scientific objectives of the mission are to outline the surface of the
Moon with a spatial resolution of 5–10 m and to map the entire lunar
surface for elements such as magnesium, iron, uranium and thorium with
a resolution of 25 km.
The other four India–based payloads are a stereo camera to map the
lunar surface in visible wavelengths, a laser interferometer to measure
the lunar topography and a spectral imager to measure the chemical
composition of the crater regions on the Moon. A high-energy X–ray
spectrometer will study the radioactive decay of uranium—238 and
thorium—232 in the lunar soil. "Chandrayaan–1 shows the maturity and
vision of the Indian space programme," says Bernard Foing, executive
director of the international lunar exploration working group of the
European Space Agency (ESA).
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