Induction Motor Tripping with VVVF

The VFD would not care about the incoming line voltage, all it does is rectify it.

Because the PWM output is at a much higher DC voltage potential and the pulses have a very fast rise time, they end up being very good at finding problems in motors, often much sooner than standard instruments can. The thing that's difficult to find with other instruments is a turn-to-turn or phase-to-phase insulation breakdown. When you did your other tests, you were testing line to earth. But if there is a turn-to-turn short within a phase winding, or between two different phase windings yet not getting to earth, that test will not show it.

Turn-to-turn and phase-to-phase insulation breakdown in an inverter fed motor is a common problem, caused by a series of issues relating to the high speed pulses and capacitive coupling in the motor conductors and between the stator and rotor. This cases higher voltage pulses to travel down the wires and reflect off of the impedance mismatch from the motor leads to the motor terminals and reflect back to the drive in waves. As they pass, they hit new waves going out and add to them. This reflected wave phenomenon builds up the voltage potential to well over 2X the line voltage reading, often exceeding the motor insulation rating.

If that's what caused this in the first place, don't expect your new motor to last either. Call an expert and have them look at the entire installation.