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Frozen Lake on Mars

12/21/2018 5:31 PM

Remember when news from Mars was evidence of erosion? Check this out, a frozen lake!

"20 December 2018

This image shows what appears to be a large patch of fresh, untrodden snow – a dream for any lover of the holiday season. However, it’s a little too distant for a last-minute winter getaway: this feature, known as Korolev crater, is found on Mars, and is shown here in beautiful detail as seen by Mars Express."

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http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Mars_Express_gets_festive_A_winter_wonderland_on_Mars

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#1

Re: Frozen lake on Mars

12/21/2018 6:40 PM

Is it inappropriate to say, Baby It's Cold Outside?

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#3
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Re: Frozen lake on Mars

12/21/2018 7:21 PM

Vulgar. A violation of terms of conduct.

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#8
In reply to #1

Re: Frozen lake on Mars

12/22/2018 7:48 PM

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#29
In reply to #1

Re: Frozen lake on Mars

12/24/2018 1:05 PM

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#2

Re: Frozen lake on Mars

12/21/2018 7:20 PM

I was reading that and thinking about how just a few years ago they were showing us dark streaks and going is that evaporated water maybe, no?yes? no.? What else are they holding back?

Apparently all images were color corrected to make the place look Xtra boring too.

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#4

Re: Frozen lake on Mars

12/21/2018 10:14 PM

I believe this crater is in the northern hemisphere and the winter solstice on Mars was just last October 16 so I think it is premature to say this snow/ice will remain all year round somewhere in this crater. This is another world after all.

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#5
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Re: Frozen lake on Mars

12/22/2018 4:44 AM

And if it does not remain year round, does that suggest that is snows on Mars?

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#6
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Re: Frozen lake on Mars

12/22/2018 9:50 AM

Storm precipitation has never been noticed on Mars by planetary or terrestrial precipitation. I believe this is more of a frost or dew effect filling this crater than snow.

My curiosity is peaked as to how that moisture reached the crater. If most of that moisture was wicked up through the soil then there has to be a lot of sub-surface moisture. If most of that Northern moisture was previously Southern moisture then the total amount of water present on Mars will be smaller but much more readily available for capture once we arrive.

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#7

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/22/2018 5:52 PM

..."The planet Mars has two permanent polar ice caps. During a pole's winter, it lies in continuous darkness, chilling the surface and causing the deposition of 25–30% of the atmosphere into slabs of CO2 ice (dry ice).[1] When the poles are again exposed to sunlight, the frozen CO2 sublimes.[2] These seasonal actions transport large amounts of dust and water vapor, giving rise to Earth-like frost and large cirrus clouds. Clouds of water-ice were photographed by the Opportunity rover in 2004.[3]

The caps at both poles consist primarily of water ice. Frozen carbon dioxide accumulates as a comparatively thin layer about one metre thick on the north cap in the northern winter, while the south cap has a permanent dry ice cover about 8 m thick.[4] The northern polar cap has a diameter of about 1000 km during the northern Mars summer,[5] and contains about 1.6 million cubic km of ice, which if spread evenly on the cap would be 2 km thick.[6] (This compares to a volume of 2.85 million cubic km (km3) for the Greenland ice sheet.) The southern polar cap has a diameter of 350 km and a thickness of 3 km.[7] The total volume of ice in the south polar cap plus the adjacent layered deposits has also been estimated at 1.6 million cubic km.[8] Both polar caps show spiral troughs, which recent analysis of SHARAD ice penetrating radar has shown are a result of roughly perpendicular katabatic winds that spiral due to the Coriolis Effect.[9][10]

The seasonal frosting of some areas near the southern ice cap results in the formation of transparent 1 m thick slabs of dry ice above the ground. With the arrival of spring, sunlight warms the subsurface and pressure from subliming CO2 builds up under a slab, elevating and ultimately rupturing it. This leads to geyser-like eruptions of CO2 gas mixed with dark basaltic sand or dust. This process is rapid, observed happening in the space of a few days, weeks or months, a rate of change rather unusual in geology—especially for Mars. The gas rushing underneath a slab to the site of a geyser carves a spider-like pattern of radial channels under the ice.[11][12][13][14]

In July 2018, Italian scientists reported the discovery of a subglacial lake on Mars, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) below the surface of the southern polar layered deposits (not under the visible permanent ice cap), and about 20 km (12 mi) across, the first known stable body of water on the planet.[15][16] "...

..."when one hemisphere experiences winter, approximately 3 trillion to 4 trillion tons of carbon dioxide freezes out of the atmosphere onto the northern and southern polar caps. This represents 12 to 16 percent of the mass of the entire Martian atmosphere."...

..."The bulk of the northern ice cap consists of water ice; it also has a thin seasonal veneer of dry ice, solid carbon dioxide. Each winter the ice cap grows by adding 1.5 to 2 m of dry ice. In summer, the dry ice sublimates (goes directly from a solid to a gas) into the atmosphere."...

...."The part of the cap that survives the summer is called the north residual cap and is made of water ice. This water ice is believed to be as much as three kilometers thick. The much thinner seasonal cap starts to form in the late summer to early fall when a variety of clouds form. Called the polar hood, the clouds drop precipitation which thickens the cap."...

..."Evidence that Mars once had enough water to create a global ocean at least 137 m deep has been obtained from measurement of the HDO to H2O ratio over the north polar cap. In March 2015, a team of scientists published results showing that the polar cap ice is about eight times as enriched with deuterium, heavy hydrogen, as water in Earth's oceans. This means that Mars has lost a volume of water 6.5 times as large as that stored in today's polar caps. The water for a time may have formed an ocean in the low-lying Vastitas Borealis and adjacent lowlands (Acidalia, Arcadia and Utopia planitiae). Had the water ever all been liquid and on the surface, it would have covered 20% of the planet and in places would have been almost a mile deep."...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martian_polar_ice_caps

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#14
In reply to #7

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 8:42 AM

S - E Does this indicate that over time, mars will continue to lose its atmosphere until it is barren like our moon ? Is there any speculation to any hypothetical degree of accuracy as to the comparative age of the earth and mars, or is that apples to oranges ?

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#16
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 10:39 AM

Can't you Google?

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#19
In reply to #16

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 2:12 PM

Lyn, I google all the time. Is it not the purpose of a forum to engage others that we are participating in

I need to add (?) or else the spell checkers will get me.

This is off topic.

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#21
In reply to #19

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 4:59 PM

Yes, how silly of me to not realize the personal engagement.

Mars is cold, this much we know.

Eventually, after spending trillions of dollars we don't have, it may even become habitable. If we are not all obliterated first by global thermonuclear war.

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#18
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 11:04 AM

Yes, Mars has been losing it atmosphere for the last ~4 billion years...and now has less than 1% of Earths' atmospheric pressure, well below what man could survive in without a pressurized spacesuit.... Mars is thought to have been formed about the same time as Earth, about 4.6 billion years ago ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Mars

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#20
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 2:13 PM

Thank you.

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#23
In reply to #18

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 9:23 PM

Despite your analysis of the Wikipedia article, I think the question on the continuance of Mars' puny atmosphere is still open to debate. Various Martian orbital probes and telescopes have shown Martian atmospheric gasses leaving the planet but as the rover measurements and terrestrial experiments have shown new gasses are being formed on Mars, too.

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#30
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/24/2018 2:06 PM

So would you say the Martian atmosphere is growing, or is it dissipating, or perhaps it's in a state of stasis...? I would contend that it is continuing to wane and the gases are emanating from below the Martian surface...I would however concede that this may continue to be the case for millions, or perhaps even billions of years....

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#32
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/24/2018 6:04 PM

I believe that we do not know if the Martian atmosphere is growing or shrinking. Since the surface of the sun is expected to one day be larger than the orbit of Mars, it is not in a steady state. The universe itself is not in a steady state, thank goodness.

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#34
In reply to #18

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/26/2018 9:25 AM

All we need to do to return the atmosphere to Mars is find the cave that the ancient aliens made with the huge steam generators and press the big 4-fingered button in the middle. It seems that finding the right cave that is proving difficult.

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#35
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/26/2018 9:48 AM

Philip K. Dick had quite the imagination, didn't he? The short story, We can remember it for you wholesale, may not have included that button. It's been a long time since I read the story.

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#9

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/22/2018 7:50 PM

Would that be frozen CO2

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#10
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/22/2018 9:28 PM

You used an undefined pronoun. At best, you are being misleading or sloppy in your writing. At worst, not even you know what you are trying to say.

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#11
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/22/2018 11:35 PM

Grammar ninnie nannies evywere. Leaf!

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#26
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 10:32 PM

Apparently you have never been involved in an academic or professional setting where editorial correctness is taken seriously. Perhaps you should remedy that deficiency.

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#22
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 8:12 PM

If I changed it to a stantement....How’s this?

that would be dry ice, and not frozen water.

which posts have since shown it could be otherwise...

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#24
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 9:59 PM

<Donning grammar nanny hat, again.>

"Dry ice" and "frozen water" are not pronouns. "That" is a pronoun. I guess I could've made a clear and an equally snarky point by replying earlier; no, that is a crater.

<Tossing grammar hat.>

The articles I read about this crater's contents did not express CO2 vs H2O concentration levels but I suspect the white "snow" is predominantly water ice. As the Wikipedia subarticle about the Martian polar caps points out, a skim coating of dry ice forms on top of the water ice when the caps are in prolonged seasonal darkness. Possibly the visible top coating in this crater image is actually CO2 with an H2O subsurface. Since it looks like some shadow lines exist amongst the crater walls this crater appears to not be in prolonged darkness. I doubt dry ice is what we are seeing.

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#25
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 10:17 PM

In post 9, the antecedent of "that" is in the thread title: Frozen Lake on Mars--hence no real problem. The absence of a question mark is a grammatical error, though.

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#12
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 7:30 AM

According to this article, it is water ice, which is not rare on Mars. Liquid water is impossible on the surface of Mars because the atmospheric pressure (600 Pa) is lower than the pressure of the triple point of water (611 Pa), below which liquid cannot exist at any temperature. It's possible that liquid water could exist underground.

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#13

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 8:28 AM

My, my, isn't that beautiful.

A large expanse of snow and ice, untouched by those with the mere thought of making their mark eternal by all matter of powered and unpowered device, let alone actually engaging in such behavior.

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#17
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 10:46 AM

I guess you've never been to Antarctica...

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#15

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 9:07 AM

Am I the only one questioning the information?

What's going on with the martian methane? Remember all the coverage?

things come and go..

Interesting stuff..

Who put that there? Fake news? Interesting either way.

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#27
In reply to #15

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/23/2018 11:51 PM

So, it would appear that some aliens have stolen a lot of water and methane from Mars. What are they up to?

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#28
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/24/2018 5:33 AM

Getting ready to host a welcome home party for Elon?

He says he wants to die there.!?. That sounds easy enough to me.

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#31

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/24/2018 4:52 PM

I would say that first you need have a lake to then have a "frozen lake".

If this were somehow fresh fallen snow it would be remarkable. Possibly glacial even.

I not sure about the last time it snowed or rained on mars? ...but I think it's been awhile. Either way, it would have sublimated away a long time ago leaving a few less than snowboard friendly options.

imo

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#33
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Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/24/2018 6:52 PM

Radar sensing has disclosed what appear to be underground briny lakes. It seems likely that the crater may be fed from an underground lake. Korolev crater with its high and steep walls forms a "cold trap" that keeps the crater floor cold and presumably retains a high concentration of water vapor there, reducing sublimation.

"The stunning Korolev crater in the northern lowlands of Mars is filled with ice all year round owing to a trapped layer of cold Martian air that keeps the water frozen.

The 50-mile-wide crater contains 530 cubic miles of water ice, as much as Great Bear Lake in northern Canada, and in the centre of the crater the ice is more than a mile thick.

Images beamed back from the red planet show that the lip around the impact crater rises high above the surrounding plain. When thin Martian air then passes over the crater, it becomes trapped and cools to form an insulating layer that prevents the ice from melting...."

"...Evidence from orbiting spacecraft, rovers and landers reveals ancient water courses and lake beds on Mars. Vast quantities of frozen water have been found at the planet’s poles. In July, astronomers used Mars Express radar measurements to find what appeared to be a 12-mile stretch of briny water beneath the planet’s surface."

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/dec/21/mars-express-beams-back-images-of-ice-filled-korolev-crater

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#36

Re: Frozen Lake on Mars

12/26/2018 12:09 PM

Hot news, there...

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