Is this real?

No, the recording of the moon is real time.

The moon subtends about ½° at the earth so you'd expect it to take about two minutes to "traverse it's own diameter".

Here's how you might do it, using an app like this one:

https://www.mooncalc.org/#/49.495,11.073,3/2023.06.11/15:54/1/3

The statue's GPS coordinates are Latitude: -22.9510 Longitude: -43.2065.

The statue elevation:

2,430 feet. The statue and its pedestal, 98 feet tall, stands 2,340 feet above sea level... (Estimate the shoulders as 90 feet above base)

Plug into the app calculator the lat/long and elevation of the statue's shoulders. If you plug in the date and time, the app will give you the altitude and azimuth of the moon, and you can make a table. (You will have to subtract the moon radius from the altitude for the bottom of the moon). The times on your table will be a future date when the moon is full and rising above the statue.

From a distant viewpoint, with a theodolite you can measure the altitude and bearing to the statue's shoulders. You have to find a location so that the altitude and bearing and time can be interpolated from your table.

The idea is that the azimuth and elevation of the bottom of the moon from your camera position will be the same as the azimuth and elevation from the statue's shoulders.

I'm not sure if this is how the photographer did it, but he got a fantastic shot!

Of course! I've taken tens of thousands of photos with tens of thousands of dollars worth of equipment. I've had dark rooms in two houses. Never once have I given a thought to aligning the shutter and the film. And why does the original poster inquire about 5 objects while only listing 4?

A ridiculous question.

Here is another split second event, preserved on electronic film:

ISS Solar transit

Science, or art?

I’m throwing a 5 Star rating on this thread. I like it.

Only people who don't live in Rio de Janeiro need to calculate when to be at the right spot with the right lens to take this picture. Those who do live there can just observe, move around and simply wait for the right time. I'm not a bit surprised it took three years of patience and planning for everything to come together. I wonder how many bad weather days spoiled the celestial alignment?

Here's a nice time-lapse picture of the statue, a crescent moon, and Venus.