why need transformer

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Control systems across industry usually operate at, typically, 110VAC or 24VDC. It would be hazardous to control system technicians to expose them to higher voltages while testing equipment. As most electricity is supplied at higher voltages, so as to reduce the cross-section of cables for supplying the same rated power, some form of transformation and rectification is usually needed.

The generating station is normally far away and power is transmitted through cable orOver head line.The Losses due to resitance is proportional to current square.By steeping up the transmision voltage you reduce current and hence line losses.For example for I00KVA the current at 400Vi 145 Amp and 11 KV 5.25amp and 33 kv 1.75 a ,132KV 0.438A.So I sq R losses reduce drastically for agiven power with increase in Voltage.Normally from generation station power is transmitted at extra high voltage to substations at different places like for example at 220KV From there it is stepeped to required voltage.Normally it is the utilities who suffer the line losses and so depending upon the contracted load of customers they insist on supplying power at a particular voltage and so u need a transformer.You can see many industries getting power at 11KV or 66KV and bigger plants like paper and cement at 110KV or higher. Having said thsi I would like to ask uwhether this is serious poser as this is very fundamental of Electrical Engineering and evryone is supposed to know this if he is an engineer leave alone electrical or mechanical.Any way good luck.