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Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

01/12/2009 3:11 PM

Having designed and produced DC/DC converters as 20kW units(involving an H bridge of common IGBTs at 550V DC),and as the use of the resonant energy in generally only 45%,I wonder wether it could be possible to include a saturable coil to increase the peak voltage of the second arch of quasi sinusoïd.
By this mean, it could be achieved a much higher medium power, up to 40kW from a single low cost H- bridge.
I believe that new amorpheous nanomaterials could be used, and I shall perform some simple calculations on transferred energy.
The trick would be to saturate a coil (in the microhenries and 170 amperes range) and to transmitt its energy (1/2Li^2) to the resonnant capacitor, in the range 0,35µF to 0,5µF.

Has anyone tried such a resonnant supply?

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#1

Re: Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

01/12/2009 5:21 PM

The trick would be to saturate a coil (in the microhenries and 170 amperes range) and to transmitt its energy (1/2Li^2) to the resonnant capacitor, in the range 0,35µF to 0,5µF.

I think that by saturating the coil you will no longer have an optimum transfer of energy, the core of the coil will get a bit hot. And even a 1000 microhenry coil, driven with 170A current cannot handle to much energy (some 14W).

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#9
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Re: Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

04/05/2009 10:43 AM

Oops!

Thank you for the GA, but going over what I have said, I noticed a small omission. The energy is for one cycle of the switching supply which is in the microsecond range. Therefore, the energy handled in one second is waaaay larger. Bad boy, bad boy (this is me, of coarse)

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#2

Re: Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

01/12/2009 6:17 PM

Somewhat off topic, but your question brings to mind a battery charger/power supply I have, built by La Marche back in 1972 or so, that has two transformers, one of which is labeled a "saturable transformer" on the schematic. It is wired in series with the main power transformer, and supplies voltage to the regulator circuitry. I have always been curious as to the advantages of this configuration...Any ideas? It is a 120 V AC to 24 V DC charger/power supply (meaning it is designed to handle up to 60 Amps DC).

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#3
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Re: Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

01/12/2009 10:43 PM

think of a saturable reactor as a transformer with 3 coils. one is the input coil and the other the output coil, and they are sized to operate as a transformer.

Now add a third coil, with many turns of fine wire with a DC drive circuit, it can be used to drive the core into saturation as it is a DC low reactance driven that will magnetize the coil. That means the transformer function is limited as it requires the flux to go from zero to max + to zero to max - at whatever Hz the thing runs at.

By varyin the DC current you can adjust the amount through the transformer to the load.

That is my understanding of it from Ac Circuits in 1958. They are less used these days, but have some advantages in some situations and so their use continues in those areas

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#4
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Re: Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

01/12/2009 11:03 PM

Thanks, Aurizon- that helps a lot. This being an old, old unit, it explains why it is there. I suspect most modern devices of this nature are all using electronics to accomplish the control function...

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#6
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Re: Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

01/13/2009 8:49 AM

cwarner7, Thinking again, there is a class of unit called a ferro-resonant regulator.

You would have to google that. They use a similar type of setup, but have a capacitor and coil on the core that acts as a feedback loop to keep the output constant at varying load and line inputs. This would prevent a higher voltage on the output of the charger as the battery became fully charged, which might overcharge the battery.

As you say, better ways now.

These units were king for a while as they were very tolerant of transients, but more costly, so they were used in gas stations to replace the older tungar bulb systems, which I used to scrap and make danger with as a kid.

Sola still makes regulating transformers for maintaining line voltage at 120 here as the line varies from 90 to 150 volts or so. We are 120 60 Hz here. They have a whole range of them for assorted voltages and frequencies.

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#10
In reply to #2

Re: Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

09/06/2009 1:40 AM

f*** la marche company! no any charger schematics on the net!! we do not always buy their products!!!

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#5

Re: Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

01/13/2009 12:18 AM

I'm surprised/flattered that someone who's designed such units (running at many hundreds of amp) would even ask our opinion.

Although I've played around with DC/DC converters I don't even understand what you're asking. Can you explain a bit more?

What sort of topology? What sort of control scheme? What does "second arch ..." mean?

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#7
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Re: Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

01/13/2009 11:44 AM

I believe he is referring to the output of a transformer into a rectified and inductive circuit where the second arch is the power being drawn from the stored inductor energy.

Power outputs can be increased at higher frequencies with smaller inductive components but this throws more strain on the H bridge switching units.

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#8
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Re: Controlled Saturable Reactors in Power Supplies

01/20/2009 2:32 PM

Excuse me for being late in answering your question.
A resonant power supply uses soft switching, at zero voltage and/or zero current, in a resonant circuit including the primary of the power transformer, a power capacitor (polypropylene) and a stray coil which helps to tune the resonant frequency.

The advantage is that the stress and dissipated power is much lower than using "hard" switching (at high voltage and / or current levels), specially when using IGBTs which have a long tail (turn off energy).For example, at 20kW power level, the tail loss in hard switching could rise 20 millijoules,and at 50 kHz, the dissipated power would reach 1kW, really much too high.

Using soft switching suppresses such losses, but there are two drawbacks:

1)the energy stored in the resonant circuit is 2 to 3 times that matching the mean power, so there are high currents ( 170 amperes at 20kW level and 550 Volts)

2)the rectifiers at the secondary(ies) of the transformer rectify only the first half cycle of the decaying sinusoïd.Above 12 kilovolts, one stacks secondaries, because it is the only mean to achieve high power (up to 100 kW).

During the second half sinusoïd, the stored energy has decreased, because power has been extracted by the rectifiers and load.The peak voltage is now too low for the rectifiers to conduce once again and extract more power.
My idea is to use a saturable stray reactor, which would be turned off during the second half cycle, to increase the peak voltage(by equipartition L --> C),and thus enable further rectification and an increased power output.
I wonder wether anyone has tried this

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