For example, external pressure applies when the inside of the vessel is in partial vacuum while the outside is at atmospheric pressure (such as some refrigerant vessels), or the vessel is submerged with external water pressure (such as a submarine). In general, whenever Pext > Pint.
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In vino veritas; in cervisia carmen; in aqua E. coli.
If Pext = Pint, why would it be classed as a pressure vessel? It sounds more like an atmospheric tank, which must resist the pressure of the liquid therein.
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In vino veritas; in cervisia carmen; in aqua E. coli.