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Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 6:38 AM

Dear Friends and Associates,

Some personal news to share with you ... but that will come later when my head is more clear from jet-lag.

Today I received an interesting bit of not-so-trivial trivia from a friend that I wanted to share ... it is apparantly bona fide, so I don't contest that, but the content is truly amazing ... it is a final examination for graduating from the 8th grade (Salina, Kansas) in the late 1800's. Granted, some of the questions are indeed 'dated', but, truly, if this level of test were given today to get past the 8th grade, the high-schools would be empty.

Sorry in advance for the long post, but read if you will, and comment if you have time.

Kind regards ...

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

What it took to get an 8th grade education in 1895 ...

Remember when grandparents and great-grandparents stated that they only had an 8th grade education? Well, check this out. Could any of us have passed the 8th grade in 1895?

This is the eighth-grade final exam from 1895 in Salina, Kansas , USA . It was taken from the original document on file at the Smokey Valley Genealogical Society and Library in Salina, and reprinted by the Salina Journal.

8th Grade Final Exam: Salina, KS - 1895

Grammar (Time, one hour)

1. Give nine rules for the use of capital letters.

2. Name the parts of speech and define those that have no modifications.

3. Define verse, stanza and paragraph

4. What are the principal parts of a verb? Give principal parts of 'lie','play', and 'run.'

5. Define case; illustrate each case.

6 What is punctuation? Give rules for principal marks of punctuation.

7 - 10. Write a composition of about 150 words and show therein that you understand the practical use of the rules of grammar.

Arithmetic (Time,1 hour 15 minutes)

1. Name and define the Fundamental Rules of Arithmetic.

2. A wagon box is 2 ft. Deep, 10 feet long, and 3 ft. Wide. How many bushels of wheat will it hold?

3. If a load of wheat weighs 3,942 lbs., what is it worth at 50 cts/bushel, deducting 1,050 lbs. For tare?

4. District No 33 has a valuation of $35,000.. What is the necessary levy to carry on a school seven months at $50 per month, and have $104 for incidentals?

5. Find the cost of 6,720 lbs. Coal at $6.00 per ton.

6. Find the interest of $512.60 for 8 months and 18 days at 7 percent.

7. What is the cost of 40 boards 12 inches wide and 16 ft.. Long at $20 per metre?

8. Find bank discount on $300 for 90 days (no grace) at 10 percent.

9. What is the cost of a square farm at $15 per acre, the distance of which is 640 rods?

10. Write a Bank Check, a Promissory Note, and a Receipt

U.S. History (Time, 45 minutes)

1. Give the epochs into which U.S. History is divided

2. Give an account of the discovery of America by Columbus

3. Relate the causes and results of the Revolutionary War.

4. Show the territorial growth of the United States

5. Tell what you can of the history of Kansas

6. Describe three of the most prominent battles of the Rebellion.

7. Who were the following: Morse, Whitney, Fulton , Bell , Lincoln , Penn, and Howe?

8. Name events connected with the following dates: 1607, 1620, 1800, 1849, 1865.

Orthography (Time, one hour)

[Do we even know what this is??]

1. What is meant by the following: alphabet, phonetic, orthography, etymology, syllabication

2. What are elementary sounds? How classified?

3. What are the following, and give examples of each: trigraph, subvocals, diphthong, cognate letters, linguals

4. Give four substitutes for caret 'u.'

5. Give two rules for spelling words with final 'e.' Name two exceptions under each rule.

6. Give two uses of silent letters in spelling. Illustrate each.

7. Define the following prefixes and use in connection with a word: bi, dis-mis, pre, semi, post, non, inter, mono, sup.

8. Mark diacritically and divide into syllables the following, and name the sign that indicates the sound: card, ball, mercy, sir, odd, cell, rise, blood, fare, last.

9. Use the following correctly in sentences: cite, site, sight, fane, fain, feign, vane , vain, vein, raze, raise, rays.

10. Write 10 words frequently mispronounced and indicate pronunciation by use of diacritical marks

and by syllabication.

Geography (Time, one hour)

1 What is climate? Upon what does climate depend?

2. How do you account for the extremes of climate in Kansas ?

3. Of what use are rivers? Of what use is the ocean?

4. Describe the mountains of North America

5. Name and describe the following: Monrovia , Odessa , Denver , Manitoba , Hecla , Yukon , St. Helena, Juan Fernandez, Aspinwall and Orinoco

6. Name and locate the principal trade centers of the U.S. Name all the republics of Europe and give the capital of each..

8. Why is the Atlantic Coast colder than the Pacific in the same latitude?

9. Describe the process by which the water of the ocean returns to the sources of rivers.

10. Describe the movements of the earth. Give the inclination of the earth.

Notice that the exam took FIVE HOURS to complete.

Gives the saying 'he only had an 8th grade education' a whole new meaning, doesn't it?!

No wonder they dropped out after 8th grade. They already knew more than they needed to know!

No, I don't have the answers! And I don't think I ever did!

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

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#1

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 7:13 AM

I'll be the first second one to say it. I don't know more than an eighth grader from 1895. Yikes!!

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#2
In reply to #1

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 7:16 AM

Hi,

Frankly, it will take me a month just to look up some of the vocabulary .

Kind regards ...

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#3
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Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 7:28 AM

Thanks for the thread. It definitely puts our grandparents in a new light.

It also sheds light on the extent of our backward slide in US education. I'd bet money that the vast majority of our current college graduates couldn't pass that test.

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#4

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 8:30 AM

I accept, I am bound to fail. I am a product of nes system.

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#5

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 8:32 AM

Ummm.........I would have probably flunked this

Great post DCaD - Thanks!

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#6

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 8:35 AM

Very practical questions for the life ahead.......8th grade may be their last grade.

Because with progressive schools we have and how hard the children have it today

Today relevant questions probally would be.......

How many batteries does the Wii take?.....And what size?

ohh, they hate these trick questions

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#7

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 10:22 AM

Up to this point my first thought when Kansas was mentioned was Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz.

I didn't realize it was a land full of old smart people or is that old genii or old geniuses.

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#8

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 10:41 AM

Let's not forget that at the end of the 19th century the US in general and the north/south border state of Kansas in particular was a racially divided society. This test may have been a Negro public high school entry exam.

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#9

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 12:31 PM

This test has been floating around the internet for some time (10-15 years) and of course has been around for over 100 years. The first time I saw it, I was quite impressed.

While I am no fan of today's education system (or lack thereof), even the kids of today could pass this test, if they were actually taught the necessary information. Besides, think of all the extra time they had not having to cover WWI, WWII, Korean War, Vietnam War, two Persian Gulf wars. Also, there were no distractions like extra curricular activities (football, basketball, swim teams, cheerleading, etc.), television, Wii, and video games so they would have plenty of time to study.

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#10

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 12:46 PM

Indeed, the field of study was much narrower then, and these were all the subjects they had to focus on. They weren't blessed like modern youth with subjects such as 'Citizenship', 'Media Studies', 'IT', 'Design & Technology' (woodwork & metalwork to us older folk), etc.

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#11

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 2:50 PM

Caution: A few of those answers are wrong.

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#13
In reply to #11

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 3:45 PM

Hmm. I didn't really look at them. I was amazed that there seems to be a cheat sheet for EVERY test! I Googled "Give nine rules for the use of capital letters answers". Not too tough. Is it really that easy for school kids today?

I glanced through the answers now, and one jumps out at me; the inclination of the earth (see the last question) is most definitely not 23.45 degrees. I suspect in the parlance of 1895, axial tilt was known as inclination. Are there some more? Maybe we should do an Easter Egg Hunt on the answer sheet!

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#14
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Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 3:57 PM

Actually the inclination is 23.5 (sic) degrees. I suspect that the number is rounded up today because we've found that large earthquakes can and often do shift things.

CR$ Admin: Changed link for inclination to Wikipedia, which indicates that axial tilt varies with an average of 23.26 degrees -- hence the "sic." 12/28/2018

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#15
In reply to #14

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 4:16 PM

Well! I just told tcmtech in an IM that every now and again I say something dumb. I wish it were more than one hour between prophecy and realization!

Before I posted my comment, I did a refresher course at Wiki. They tell me Inclination is "..the angle between a reference plane and another plane or axis of direction." In your link to Palomar, the angle of inclination shown on their drawing is indicated by Wiki to be Axial Tilt, "...the angle between an object's rotational axis, and a line perpendicular to its orbital plane."

I find the values of these for Earth (per Wiki) to be about 23.5o axial tilt, and inclination of about 7.2o.

I am more inclined to believe you, redfred, and Dr.Thorngren. Can my beloved Wikipedia have it so wrong? Or (more likely) am I reading something wrong?

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#16
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Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 5:03 PM

Well here lies another example of the great problems of communication. The term "inclination" in 1895 may have meant the tilt of the earth's axis to the orbital path but now it clearly means something else. Since the 1895 question does not state what the other plane the Earth's orbital travel should be measured to (ecliptic 0°, solar equator 7.2°, Laplace's invariable plane 1.6°, galactic plane ??, etc.) one could in theory have any answer from zero to three hundred and sixty degrees. I stumbled across Dr. Thorngren's page and cited it just to not cite Wikipedia. Since his reference coincided with the 1895 values I fell for this answer. (I also have a fondness for the old scope at Palomar.) I now believe that inclination can mean either term but the more accurate term is the one you found on Wikipedia that requires a second plane defined to measure the orbital plane against.

Nicely done, Doorman.

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#18
In reply to #16

Re: Education Before and Now

03/18/2011 1:54 AM

Yar well - in the days of learn by rote - the question is actually asking; 'do you remember the latitude of the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, that I showed you on that globe?'.

And I can tell you, based on experience, they did not like 'creative thinking'

E.g. answering "What is the past tense of spring?" with "summer" only gets one 'time in the corner'.

And equally "What is the Earths inclination?" would get me back in the corner for questioning 'the presumption of sentience in a lump of minerals'.

It is interesting - as Tornado observed - how many 'answers' are wrong. Also that some questions are not even attempted.

In addition, I would add, many of the concepts in the 'expected answers' are grossly 'superficial', if not misleading on 'cause and effect' and 'how things work'.

Not that that has changed much in education.

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#19
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Re: Education Before and Now

03/18/2011 6:58 AM

Tell us about this corner you visit so often.......

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#20
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Re: Education Before and Now

03/18/2011 8:18 AM

but has it (rote learning) served well overall?

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#12

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 2:57 PM

Thanks to you, I can now gragiate to duh ninth grade .

(ifn I can writ all these ansers on my shirt sleeve ).

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#17

Re: Education Before and Now

03/17/2011 11:55 PM

I don't think the level of this test is any different to what kids do today!

There's a bit of grammar, not considered as important today but still covered, a bit of simple maths useful for life on the farm, history facts by rote, orthography and geography that's irrelevant in an age of Google and newspapers.

Nothing at a level any bright year 8 kid couldn't handle today. Every age has it's own interests, pet subjects and requirements.

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#21
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Re: Education Before and Now

03/18/2011 8:20 AM

I know very few adults who could pass it straight out, including me.

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#22
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Re: Education Before and Now

03/18/2011 9:41 AM

Of course not. Because such information is not being taught or has not been used for quite some time by those adults. Just because you don't know something doesn't mean you can't learn it or even that you should learn it.

I am not able to recall what a gerund is anymore, but I do know that I used to know what it was when I was in high school. I have had no need to use that information and suspect I won't need to know what it is for a few more years (until my kids get a bit further along in school). The good thing is that the lovely Mrs. does know what it is and she even knows how to use one properly. And not just because of her excellent memory, but because the English language is a significant part of her professional life.

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#23

Re: Education Before and Now

03/18/2011 10:11 AM

The young person of today has different priorities to deal with at this young age and can answer questions never thought of in 1895. like any fourth grader of today can tell 'what day Gramma gets her check', 'whats a kilo', 'when was the last time you seen your daddy', 'Give me a definition of a joint', one you smoke and the one you got out of and you could go on and on I'm sure. In 1895 the parents lived and worked together to raise 'men' and 'women' and now, we are raising children who do not need to understand 'rod', yards,' interest' and tomorrow. The 35 year old child of today never saw his daddy, can work the street till Gramma gets her check and live it up for three days and restart again the process that been going on since he should have been in the 8th. grade

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#24

Re: Education Before and Now

03/18/2011 1:16 PM

Here in the UK about 95% of all 21 year olds couldn't have answerd about 30% of these questions in 24 hours, and as for the younger ones of 18 years maybe 99% of them couldn't have answered 90% of these questions in 24 hours!

Here in the UK there is much talk about the dumming down of education, and yesterday I read a report about how far this dumming down has reached, there are three disiplines that seem to be too hard for most students, mathematics, English language and the Sciences. One of the problems they have been talking about is teachers, most of our teachers are typically leftist, and they have over the years brought in leftist ideas, such as grammer is not relevant, and everything has to be so PC.

These last few years I have taken to teaching my grand children in the weekends, and this extra tuition has paid great results so far, but should it really be necessary for grand parents to right the wrongs that our grand children have been taught, or not taught as in most cases?

Xanasax

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#25

Re: Education Before and Now

03/18/2011 3:59 PM

Something smelled about this "test" the first time I got it in an eMail over 10-years ago.

I invite your thorough review of the Snopes article concerning this blast-from-the-past.

Regards,

Gene

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#26

Re: Education Before and Now

03/24/2011 12:46 PM

Education usually draws a fair number of posts on CR4 -- and would probably do so in any forum. It has become so much of a political issue. Think back over all the political campaigns you can remember in your life. How often is education used as a "hot button?" And it has been "bad" and "declining" as long as I can remember. My first real presidential campaign, of memory, was the Nixon/Kennedy campaign, so I've seen a few.

To a large degree, education IS rote learning. And as the Snopes article points out, if you are freshly immersed in any subject, you'll tend to look smarter on a test of that information, than someone who hasn't been.

But what do you consider the heart of education? Is it merely proving that you can learn by rote, repeating what you've learned on a test, only to forget it within a few months or years? I say no.

I would submit that the foundation of education should be something like this.

Sure gaining knowledge enough to earn an honest living is absolutely necessary. And critical thinking should be an equal goal in true "education" because education never ceases! Critical thinking allows one to learn what is really important and to know when one is being duped. The use of statistics in daily life is a good example of how people are misled all the time without even realizing it. But education in its deepest sense is learning to develop heart as much as head. What facts, figures and equations will do that?

This is what is lacking in education most. How many here can say this ever played much of a role in their education? The only way I remember this being conveyed in my education was through an inspirational teacher or teachers, if one is lucky enough to have had one even. And in that relationship, it isn't the information, so much, that is being given to you, as the love of the teacher for his subject and his pupils. It is tangible and lasting.

So knowing information and being able to recall it is secondary, in my mind, to the development of the heart. If this can be conveyed, it is amazing how real learning becomes that much easier.

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