All (AC) Supply is Divided by 11

Such as voltages of 120, 208, 240, 277, 347, 380, 415, 480, 575, 600...? (Maybe not in India, but in other places.)

This erroneous question has been addressed many times on CR4.

In India only have 3.3,6.6,11,22,33,66,132,220,440 KV transmission line

Since the Farm factor is 1.1 in Transormer Formula.

400KV? 765KV ? (They too exist in India) Please get updated.

New Lines - 800KV, 500KV

What has the form factor got to do?

Check powergrid website for the list of transmission voltage (Grid) which will include the HVDC too.

This topic has discussed many times in CR4.

Find it here:

Link

Vinu_Answers Sure_Answers

Because we're all award bu**ers and didn't want to use the deanery system!

THE MAGIC OF THE MULTIPLES OF 11

by: K.Sivakumar, Manager - Training, Switchgear Training Centre, Larsen & Toubro Limited, Coonoor T.N.)

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Foreword:

The author has been coming across the following question repeatedly from the participants in his training programmes. Many other electrical professionals and electrical engineering students would also be having the same question in their minds, but only hesitant to ask anybody. An attempt is made here by the author to answer this question.

Question: Why Transmission, distribution and utilization voltages are in multiples of 11, as in 110V, 220V, 440V, 1.1kV, 3.3kV, 6.6kV, 11kV, 22kV, 33kV, 66kV, 110kV, 132kV & 220kV?

Answer: It is true only with respect to AC power systems. The first known man-made source of electricity is a cell, which is DC in nature. But, after realizing the disadvantages of the DC electric equipments, AC Electricity generating machines were invented. When these AC Machines were developed, the power of these machines was to be compared with the already available DC electricity, as it is human tendency to compare anything new with the existing ones. As in the case of steam engines.

When steam engines were invented, the power of the steam engines was compared with that of the horses, which were the power sources before the invention of the steam engine.

So, a value called RMS Value for AC Electricity was derived which compared the effectiveness of the AC Electricity with that of the DC Electricity. This value is the Effective Value of AC Electricity. As we were more interested in knowing the effect of AC electricity, all measuring instruments were and are designed to measure only the RMS value of AC electricity - may it be Voltage, Current, Power, etc.

But, for the designer sitting in the design lab, more than the effective value, the average value over a period on one sinusoidal cycle of AC Electricity was important. So, he designed an AC electric Generator, which would produce, on an average, a voltage over a period of one cycle, of say, 10kV (10 is a round figure, you know).

But, when this machine was built to the design and put to operation and when the output voltage was measured, it was found to be 11kV, as the meter was measuring NOT the average value but the effective or the RMS value. This relation existed for any voltage. So, a factor was arrived at - relating the RMS value and the average value, called Form Factor, which is the ratio of RMS value to the Average value, which for a sinusoidal wave form was about 1.1. Then, when the voltage was to be transformed, it was easy to have a whole number for the turns ratio of the transformer and hence all subsequent AC voltages became multiples of 11.

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Probably 11 was lucky number of the person who deiced it for India.

Every 6 months or so.....

Also divided by 1, by 2 and by 5. (and their products 10, 22, 55, 110 etc) Wow! New horizon in math. S.M.