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Anonymous Poster #1

Thermocouples Installation And Temperature Acquisition

09/21/2011 6:02 PM

Hi all,

I'm conducting research on the engine compartment of a vehicle. i need to have measurements to validate my CFD model. I'm a beginner in the instrumentation field.

So, I'm preparing an on-road measurements to measure temperature, pressure and velocity in the under-hood compartment.

For temperature, I'm using k-type thermocouples and i need suggestions and solutions to install the thermocouples and how to adhere them on the surface. For Data acquisition, I'm using a CAN-conditioner between the thermocouples and the acquisition system that i can get temperatures values instead of voltages values. i don't know if there are special precautions to be taken in data acquisition to increase accuracy.

i will ask about my problems related to pressure and velocity measurement in others questions.

Really, i need your suggestions and comments.

With respect

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#1

Re: Thermocouples Installation And Temperature Acquisition

09/21/2011 7:29 PM

Are you trying to measure the temperature at specific points ON the engine, or air temperatures AROUND it? Maybe both?

If you understand the CFD software model, you should be able to estimate the number of and locations where temperature measurements would yield optimum model results/verification.

This seems to me an extremely complex modeling exercise, not only because of the complex engine geometry, but also of the multitude of different geometries of the components around it.

I have done some CFD, and will help where I can. Hopefully there is someone here that has much more experience than me.

I'm sure that there are specific CFD forums out there that would probably give you more specific help.

Anyway, good luck.

You should also register. That way, you will get an email notifying you when someone replies to your post. If you don't you won't.

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#2

Re: Thermocouples Installation And Temperature Acquisition

09/21/2011 7:38 PM

Are you planning on using mineral insulated thermocouples in a stainelss steel sheath?

I recommend
- un-grounded junctions
- "special limit of error"

The response is a little slower, but the probabilities for ground loop and common mode problems diminish drastically with ungrounded junctions. Ungrounded junctions cost a buck or two more than grounded junction.

"Special limit of error" halves the error allowed by the ANSI spec for commercial T/C's. It costs a buck or two more per T/C.

The measurement point is near the tip of the sheath, where the junction is, but the thicker the sheath, the heavier gauge metal and the more mineral insulation that the heat has to transfer through to get to the junction, further slowing the response time.

As for mounting, if it's for a short term test, the mounting only needs to be maintain the location and secure enough to not fail during the test, break or melt or come undone (plastic wire ties might melt or misform if too close to an exhaust manifold). I'm thinking superglue and baling wire. I doubt the adhesive used on those adhesive backed doodads used to bundle network cabling will hold up to the heat.

The wire between the thermocouples and the terminal block for the data acquisition must be Type K thermocouple wire or Type K thermocouple extension wire, not copper wire.

Keep drafts, like a cycling A/C duct outlet away from the data acquisition device because it has a temp sensor to measure the terminal block temperature in order to do 'cold junction compensation' (CJC). Some CJC is so fast that it does not reflect the slower temp change of the actual terminal block temperature and the result is an error.

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Anonymous Poster #1
#3
In reply to #2

Re: Thermocouples Installation And Temperature Acquisition

09/23/2011 9:52 AM

Hi,

Thanks for your interest, thanks for your answer.

I'm using Omega «thermocouple wire special limit of error» K-type (TT-K-24-SL). see this link: http://www.omega.com/Temperature/pdf/SLE_Wire.pdf

for the mounting, the best is to apply the hot junction of the thermocouple directly on the surface and i will discuss this with my project manager if we can do this or not. If not, i think to use metal plate on the surface with a metal super-glue. On the exhaust, i will use kind of «v-band clamps» to adhere the thermocouple with the exhaust surface.

For acquisition, I'm using an EDAQ-lite (http://www.somat.com/products/somat_edaq_lite.html) with a thermocouple SMART modules (http://www.somat.com/products/accessories/thermocouple_smart_module.html) (provide isolated thermocouple conditioning).

I don't know if the wires length of thermocouples and the mounting method will affect the measurement accuracy!!

Your comments !

Thanks

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#4

Re: Thermocouples Installation And Temperature Acquisition

09/23/2011 11:15 AM

The link was for wire, not sheathed assemblies. Are you making your own thermocouples? If so, you seriously need to consider welding the junction for robustness. I and others use twisted junctions for quick tests like a stationary 1 hour furnace survey but in a mobile application with multiple heat cycles using a twisted junction is asking for a failure or degraded accuracy (even the nickel alloys of type K corrode at higher temps). There was a thread on this forum within the past couple weeks that discussed welding T/C junctions. Serious issue.

The thermocouple converter unit has excellent isolation (500V). A ±0.5°C is a very good spec. Presumably the accuracy spec includes the cold junction error, since it isn't mentioned separately.

The length of the thermocouple wire and its extension wire generally do not affect the accuracy of the measurement as long as both lead wires are at the same temperature at the same point along the wire (isothermal). When the cabling keeps both leads together, that situation generally resolves itself with one exception.

There is an thermocouple error artifact known as virtual junction, when the lead wire is at a higher temperature than the hot junction end of the thermocouple, as shown in the graphic below.

Insulation degradation (between the lead wires) allows very small currents to flow that produce a virtual junction. The error can be considerable, in the tens of percent.

This means that you should not route the lead wire for a relatively low temperature sensing point, say, the 'incoming air through the grill' close to or over an exhaust manifold because that is a setup for a virtual junction in the extension wire.

For robustness, you might consider 'armored' wire that has an external stainless braided sheath that resists abrasion.

The converter cables appear to be M8 cordsets with copper wire, presumably for connecting the output of the conditioner to the DAQ box. It isn't clear how you connect the thermocouple itself. That's where you need thermocouple wire or extension wire. If these cordsets are somehow intended to connect to the thermocouple (and are not thermocouple extension wire internally), there is a serious design flaw.

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#5

Re: Thermocouples Installation And Temperature Acquisition

09/23/2011 1:57 PM

My impression is that many CFD studies are done with bare beaded junctions. It isn't clear whether you need the speed of response of a bare bead or not. If not, there are ring style thermocouples designed to fasten with a fastener, but obviously more mass.

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