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Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/05/2012 1:10 AM

I have to deliver a Powerpoint Presentation on coal combustion & am finding difficulty to mention the percentage of carbon in various types of coal. I mentioned types of coal as Peat, Lignite, Sub-bituminous, Bituminous, Semi-Anthracite & Anthracite. Can anyone please help me in writing down the chemical composition of the same.??

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#1

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/05/2012 2:02 AM

Toooooo easy!

Work you way up from here:

Lignite

You'll manage the rest!

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#2

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/05/2012 2:50 AM

Where have you looked so far?

Maybe Wiki can help you. Have you looked there?

It should be a simple matter to research each type of coal to find the answer.

Get a pencil and a piece of paper and start writing down the chemical composition of same. You can spell each type of coal, so searching should be easy.

Just type them into a search engine and write down the composition.

It's not rocket science.

Don't ask us to do your work for you.

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#5
In reply to #2

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/05/2012 7:38 AM

Look, again you did the same. I humbly asked the exact composition of C % in coal. This is coz, I wasn't getting the exact or matching answers. By the way, you no need to explain me to get a pencil & a piece of paper for doing so. I know that very well. All you can do, along with others, is to criticize me again for my words. So do that well, ATLEAST...

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#6
In reply to #5

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/05/2012 8:12 AM

You'll have to realise that there is no exact composition.

I gave you the same answer that Lyn did. WIKI is your friend. Start getting it together instead of complaining here. There will be a range of Carbon for every single bit of coal.

To take criticism is probably one of the hardest in live, but you better get over it since it keeps you from what you really need to do.

If you know how to use a pencil then so what. Somebody tells you the traffic light is green it probably is.

Atleast!

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#8
In reply to #6

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/05/2012 9:01 AM

I am not here to quarrel nor criticize. So, you better unite & discuss further, Please let me go out of this..

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#18
In reply to #6

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/06/2012 8:40 AM

IdeaSmith has come closest to stating the axiomatic truth here.

Although wiki and other resources will publish ("average/typical") figures, you simply cannot state that each-and-every shovel-full (or train-car-load) of any type of coal contains a homogenous mixture of the exact same constituents (and thus, different energy potential).

My reference for this statement was posted (on CR4) long-ago here.

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#7
In reply to #5

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/05/2012 8:28 AM

So, the expectation is that CR4 readers have knowledge rather than signposts? How on earth did that mistake happen?

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#3

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/05/2012 3:31 AM

Once you have a draft you can send it to us so we can check that you did the right thing! It will be interesting to see how our advice is being put to good use!

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#4

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/05/2012 5:40 AM

Well, Kempe's Engineers' Yearbook, and Perry, "The Chemical Engineer's Handbook", any edition of either, would be a good starting point as all the information needed is listed therein.

Remember books made from paper? These particular apps contain information that cannot be found on the world wide wait and don't need electricity like telephones and computers.

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#10
In reply to #4

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/05/2012 8:40 PM

Ah, here it was! Seen this! Almost an universal post!

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#11
In reply to #10

Re: Chemical composition of different types of coal

12/06/2012 3:45 AM

Knowing where to look it up is as valuable as knowing what 2 x 2 is.

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#9

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/05/2012 11:48 AM

I just checked, Wiki has all the chemical compositions of the different coals... Imagine that.

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#12

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 5:30 AM

To-day CR4 is shrinking because the new comers are being criticised by the seniors. I feel we should not make any nasty comments for any questions being asked even if they are too basic and can be solved through help of Wiki, Goggles etc.

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#13
In reply to #12

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 5:42 AM

Thanks a lot Mr. Suresh. I've been facing such problem from say 4 days back. My comments are taken negatively & is highlighted by everyone out here. I humbly asked one question for which I received an answer, not expected by me. Rather, I was replied, your question could be answered by a Teacher of fifth grade or fifth class. Is it any way to answer someone.? When I replied accordingly, I was criticized by many. Rather than getting an answer for the question, I got criticized many-a-times. Such are the people. If I could get everything merely by googling or reading WIKI, whats the use of creating such forums then.??

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#14
In reply to #13

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 5:51 AM

Monish, dont be emotional and continue to ask your questions, ignore if you get nasty comments. There are some other Gurus who will definitely solve your problems. Could you get the information you asked for?.

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#15
In reply to #13

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 6:30 AM

If I could get everything merely by googling or reading WIKI, whats the use of creating such forums then.??

I'd have thought the answer was obvious. Ths forum is happy to help solve problems, which you can't get from Wiki. But we're not keen on being asked to supply facts, which are readily available from Wiki or other sites.

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#16
In reply to #12

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 8:02 AM

Did you answer his question? NO!

Did you help him in any way? NO!

Did you see any actual criticism in this thread? NO!

What have you accomplished with your arrogant remarks? NOTHING!

You admonish some people because they can see that some posters here do not bother to perform even the slightest, most cursory search before asking questions THAT COULD BE ANSWERED BY A 10 SECOND SEARCH OF THE INTERNET.

This is a place for engineers discussions, not a place that spoon feeds elementary information to those too lazy to search for themselves.

Please feel free to answer the question about coal first, then you can preach to those of us who are being mean to the OP.

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#17
In reply to #16

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 8:39 AM

Lyn,

I could not have said it better myself. But let's assume there is a valid reason OP can't do the research himself. Maybe his Internet Browser only goes to CR4, maybe ISP doesn't allow him to go to Google, Yahoo, Wiki, etc.. Or Maybe he can't spell Wiki, Google, or Yahoo. Or maybe he doesn't have full use of his hands and typing is an issue. Regardless of the reason, I doubt many people have all that info off the top of their heads without looking it up in one way or another.

As of the beginning of this post, I knew very little about coal. But after a 2 minute search, I now know all of this :

Table 1--Modified A.S.T.M. classification by rank (A.S.T.M., 1938, p. 2)

Class

Group

Limits of fixed carbon or B.t.u. on mineral-matter-free basis

Requisite
physical
properties

I
Anthracite

1. MetanthraciteDry F.C. 98 percent or more
2. AnthraciteDry F.C. 92 percent or more and less than 98 percentNonagglomerating
3. SemianthraciteDry F.C. 86 percent or more and less than 92 percent

II
Bituminous

1. Low-volatile bituminousDry F.C. 78 percent or more and less than 86 percent
2. Medium-volatile bituminousDry F. C. 69 percent or more and less than 78 percent
3. High-volatile A bituminousDry F. C. less than 69 percent* and moist B.t.u.** 14,000 or more
4. High-volatile B bituminousMoist 13,000 B.t.u. or more but less than 14,000
5. High-volatile C bituminousMoist B.t.u. 11,000 or more but less than 13,000Either agglomerating or nonweathering

III
Subbituminous

1. Subbituminous A coalMoist B.t.u. 11,000 or more but less than 13,000Both weathering and nonagglomerating
2. Subbituminous B coalMoist B.t.u. 9,500 or more but less than 11,000
3. Subbituminous C coalMoist B.t.u. 8,300 or more but less than 9,500

IV
Lignitic

1. LigniteMoist B.t.u. less than 8,300Consolidated
2. Brown coalMoist B.t.u. less than 8,300Unconsolidated
* Coals having 69 percent or more fixed carbon (F.C.) on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis are classified according to fixed carbon regardless of B.t.u.
**Moist B.t.u. refers to coal having its natural bed moisture but not including visible water on the surface of the coal.

Rank
(From Lowest
to Highest)

Properties

Peat

A mass of recently accumulated to partially carbonized plant debris. Peat is an organic sediment. Burial, compaction and coalification will transform it into coal, a rock. It has a carbon content of less than 60% on a dry ash-free basis.

Lignite

Lignite is the lowest rank of coal. It is a peat that has been transformed into a rock and that rock is a brown-black coal. Lignite sometimes contains recognizable plant structures. By definition it has a heating value of less than 8300 British Thermal Units per pound on a mineral matter free basis. It has a carbon content of between 60 and 70% on a dry ash-free basis. In Europe, Australia and the UK some low-level lignites are called "brown coal".

Sub Bituminous

Sub bituminous coal is a lignite that has been subjected to an increased level of organic metamorphism. This metamorphism has driven off some of the oxygen and hydrogen in the coal. That loss produces coal with a higher carbon content (71 to 77% on a dry ash-free basis). Sub bituminous coal has a heating value between 8300 and 13000 British Thermal Units per pound on a mineral matter free basis. On the basis of heating value it is subdivided into sub bituminous A, sub bituminous B and sub bituminous C ranks.

Bituminous

Bituminous is the most abundant rank of coal. It accounts for about 50% of the coal produced in the United States. Bituminous coal is formed when a sub bituminous coal is subjected to increased levels of organic metamorphism. It has a carbon content of between 77 and 87% on a dry ash-free basis and a heating value that is much higher than lignite or sub bituminous coal. On the basis of volatile content, bituminous coals are subdivided into low volatile bituminous, medium volatile bituminous and high volatile bituminous. Bituminous coal is often referred to as "soft coal," however this designation is a layman's term and has little to do with the hardness of the rock.

Anthracite

Anthracite is the highest rank of coal. It has a carbon content of over 87% on a dry ash-free basis. Anthracite coal generally has the highest heating value per ton on a mineral matter free basis. It is often subdivided into semi-anthracite, anthracite and meta-anthracite on the basis of carbon content. Anthracite is often referred to as "hard coal"; however this is a layman's term and has little to do with the hardness of the rock.

I learned all of this from here :

http://groundtruthtrekking.org/Issues/AlaskaCoal/TypesOfCoal.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal

http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/102_1/03_class.html

http://geology.com/rocks/coal.shtml

Being the holiday season, I freely post the info I found (and to stop the whining from the OP and his pal) with the hopes that there was a valid reason for OP not to do his own research and just not being too lazy.

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#19
In reply to #17

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 9:54 AM

JPool,

Good point. Thanks for taking the time to research this for the OP.

I think most of us who are regulars here do, from time to time, get frustrated by the repeated requests for help with elementary questions from repeat users of the site. These users usaully get the information they want, even though 75% of the time the question can be readily answered by simply typing the thread title into a search engine. Try it some time.

I still believe that, in real life, school or in the workplace, if these same rudimentary questions were posed, the response would not be too different from their co-workers, or fellow students than what they encounted here.

Cheers.

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#20
In reply to #19

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 10:33 AM

Lyn, I couldn't agree with you more, especially this particular post. OP was repeated informed that info was easily obtainable on web yet instead of looking for himself, this thread became a whine-fest. Even though I posted what I believe are the correct answers for his questions, I could not do it without showing my own frustration by being sarcastic in my post. Reminds me of being in downtown Detroit last weekend, seeing an able bodied individual standing in front of a help wanted sign (no experience necessary) with a milk jug collecting change. Sad, can't help those who can't help themselves.

After my answer, think I'll get a thank you for the info from OP?

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#21
In reply to #20

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 10:48 AM

Thanks would be nice. Sometimes it happens.

Unfortunately, many people are under the impression that we are somehow obligated to help them, so why bother to even thank us.

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#23
In reply to #17

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 8:38 PM

Thank you for taking the time to put this together.

You have done this forum a great favour because anyone else with that same question googling in the internet will now have a reference and is one step ahead.

Sometimes I think we should have a third option in the "got something to say" section:

The "I found out that" or "just to let you know" or "problem solved" part.

OP instead of whining about that he needs this and this could have easily assembled the information and posted it as "see what I have done for everyone! - Coal and its Chemical composition!"

He would look so much greater and could saved helped himself and other the trouble.

Thank you JPool for your kindness, dignity and this great contribution!

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#24
In reply to #17

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/07/2012 5:28 AM

Thanks JPool, Monish I was right when I said some one here will help you instead of demoralising you with their nasty comments. Please say thanks to JPool who has got you information.

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#22

Re: Chemical Composition of Different Types of Coal

12/06/2012 3:06 PM

You should edit the list: Include (1) dirt, and (2) sub-peat (new word?), because some of what passes for coal is really just high carbon content dirt. As others on this blog have stated, there are no "standard" values for coal in any class. The carbon content will be in a range for each classification, as well as sulfur, nitrogen, mercury, lead, etc. This is why each plant is a unique situation based on the source(s) of the coal, the power requirements, pollution abatement, etc.

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