NEAR GRADE EARTH ENERGY TRANSFER: GEOTHERMAL
About
2010 thread of "... geothermal ... "
http://cr4.globalspec.com/thread/62200#comment650934
about ground loops themselves in various uses; and compressor net
cooling to rejected heating outputs in some common ground loop
Earth-Coupling. -
From 1980 seminars and training to date, also regarding some
engineering and a lot of conjecture there are a few "other's"
information including their 1970's experience in engineering open and
closed loop Earth-Coupled-Loop (ECL) application to heat pumps and
chillers and process cooling of commercial equipment.
For one comparison to 2010 discussion: compressors of 20 tons on the
label absorbed over 17 net cooling tons with 38f-to- 44f (temps) fluid
circulation of 52 GPM while at the same time yielding rejected heat of
262-to-264 kbtuh [22 output tons] at 56 GPM in mid 90's-deg f back to
the compressor (93-96f)
a little different found in the field holds for most applications ranges of
which is a ratio of cooling to heating
of 17:22 = nearly 3:4 and heating multiplier compared to cooling, evaporative- absorption, chilling, of ~ 1.3 (4:3)
which is why if 186 vertical borehole feet is an engineered "per ton
of compressors required for heating with heat pumps" - may be found that
it is also required in the same Earth-Coupled condition 240 ft of
vertical or related borehole
---per COMPRESSOR-Ton (cT) on labels in boxes ---
is needed to get anywhere near Entering Water temps 90f to 88f and
85f as Dr. Steve Kavanaugh's reports used in testing at 85f. [52 to 55f
clay and sandy lome soils, static-well-water in boreholes near 50ft or
less from grade in 300 ft to 200 ft boreholes; and running tests over 3
weeks 24/7 and over 3 GPM per cT of the actual compressor on the
rejected heat condensing side in Chilling/Cooling-Mode]
another point over the years is circuit regulation is found
unnecessary in up to eleven 3/4" loop pipe id's off of 2" (1.93") id PE
ground loop piping, as the flows in ranges of 1.7 to 2.7 feet per second
, headered reverse return, not with OEM defects, will have all circuits
within 10% of worst compared to best flows: same with 5 to 7 x 1" runs
off of the same 2" header design, or up to 6 x 3/4" off of 1.1/4" and
1.1/2" headers
A first 1983 installed SERIES loop and two others out of over 120
closed loop systems mostly parallel headered and without circuit
balancing valves other than larger hands on 40+ to 460+ ton systems
seems as parallel, the norm since the early 1080's in one state; and yet
around Pitts PA many still use say 750- 900 ft SERIES 1.1/4" and a same
2) 1/6 hp flow pumps like seen at www flowcenterproducts.com has great
views - for all the same with "5-ton to 7 ton" vertical borehole field
ECL's.
For one comparison to 2010 discussion: compressors of 20 tons on the label absorbed over 17 net cooling tons with 38f-to- 44f (temps) fluid circulation of 52 GPM while at the same time yielding rejected heat of 262-to-264 kbtuh [22 output tons] at 56 GPM in mid 90's-deg f back to the compressor (93-96f)
a little different found in the field holds for most applications ranges of
which is a ratio of cooling to heating
of 17:22 = nearly 3:4 and heating multiplier compared to cooling absorption of ~ 1.3 (4:3)
which is why if 186 vertical borehole feet is an engineered "per ton of compressors required for heating with heat pumps" - may be found that it is also required in the same Earth-Coupled condition 240 ft of vertical or related borehole
---per COMPRESSOR-Ton (cT) on labels in boxes ---
is needed to get anywhere near Entering Water temps 90f to 88f and 85f as Dr. Steve Kavanaugh's reports used in testing at 85f. [52 to 55f clay and sandy lome soils, static-well-water in boreholes near 50ft or less from grade in 300 ft to 200 ft boreholes; and running tests over 3 weeks 24/7 and over 3 GPM per cT of the actual compressor on the rejected heat condensing side in Chilling/Cooling-Mode]
another point over the years is circuit regulation is found unnecessary in up to eleven 3/4" loop pipe id's off of 2" (1.93") id PE ground loop piping, as the flows in ranges of 1.7 to 2.7 feet per second , headered reverse return, not with OEM defects, will have all circuits within 10% of worst compared to best flows: same with 5 to 7 x 1" runs off of the same 2" header design, or up to 6 x 3/4" off of 1.1/4" and 1.1/2" headers
A first 1983 installed SERIES loop and two others out of over 120 closed loop systems mostly are parallel headered in Ohio and without circuit balancing valves other than larger hands on 40+ to 460+ ton systems seems as parallel, the norm since the early 1980's in one state; and yet around Pitts PA many still use say 750- 900 ft SERIES 1.1/4" and a same 2) 1/6 hp flow pumps like seen at www flowcenterproducts.com has great views - for all the same with "5-ton to 6 ton" vertical borehole field ECL's.
Near Grade Earth Energy Transfer: Geothermal Loop
Re: Near Grade Earth Energy Transfer: Geothermal Loop
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