Difference Between ASTM A193 B8M CL.2 & ASTM A320 B8M?

Yes. Anybody reading those specifications can, as well as the individuals who wrote them.

A good laugh, Murphy. Thank you. ;) Well, of course who says they did not know the difference. Funny, though one of the authors reference was the other standard and thought about," how to make mine a little different than this"+-- one way or the other.

ASTM A193 covers bolting for high temperatures, while A320 is for bolting for low temperatures. Which are you looking for?

Yeah.... That I know.... But is there any difference in the material specs???

That is like asking about the difference between two brands of semi-skimmed milk.

Suggestion: try actually reading the contents of the two standards, and come back here once a more sensible question comes to mind.

Dear, if you know the answer say it (other than low temp application & impact)

Rizvin,

No one here is obligated to do your research for you, or give you the answer.

Look at the websites furnished to you and make your own determination.

Or, ask an engineer who is paid to do your bidding.

• The boltmonger says:
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• ASTM A320 | Portland Boltwww.portlandbolt.com › Technical Information › Specifications
Oct 29, 2014 - Like the ASTM A193 specification, unless otherwise specified, the 8UN... B8M Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain ...
• ASTM A193 | Portland Boltwww.portlandbolt.com › Technical Information › Specifications
Oct 29, 2014 - ASTM A193 covers a number of other standard specifications not ...B8M, Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain ...

Yield Strength is different. (its all in the specs)

Generally below 1 3/8 bolts B8M Class 2 is suitable for a B16.5 flange, 1 3/8" and above should be B8M Class 2B

If B8M Class 2 are used above 1 3/8" the bolt extension is not linear and there is some degree of permanent set / yield if used above 66% of yield. You will not get sufficient closing force on the flange to prevent leaks below 66% of yield, so B8M class 2B should be used.

If your on a certain large LNG project going on now, listen to your Bolting Contractor, they/I'm right ;)

Camels & HorsesTheir Differences and Impact on North America By Alex Komechak

More than any other animal, horses and camels have left their mark on civilization. From assisting mankind as a means of transportation to completely shaping and driving entire empires. Today, both are still in use- their function changing and evolving along with us- but outside of those that care for them, even rudimentary knowledge of these animals is sorely lacking.

In the Western World, camels are generally the less familiar to the average person. Their use in North America is primarily entertainment driven. They're raised for zoos, circuses, films, tourist rides and as living props in Christmas nativity scenes. An additional small number are raised as pets, where they are considered to be an "exotic animal" or "alternative livestock." Unlike horses, in the English-speaking world, there are no formal camel sports, events or competitions. Two festivals are held each year which partly celebrate the animal, one in Virginia City, Nevada and another in Quartzite, Arizona.

Horses have enjoyed a much stronger following in North America, though like camels they're still mostly used for pleasure purposes. These purposes include trail riding, rodeo sports, jumping competitions, dressage (displaying discipline while riding), gymkhana (varied games on horseback), racing, and many others. Most people consider their horse to also be a pet, but there are some that are thought of as a working animal. Today, working horses in North America are primarily used to direct the movement of cattle and in some communities provide assistance as transportation.

Physically, the average camel is larger than the average horse, though there are exceptions. Robust horse breeds, known as Draft Horses are easily as tall a female camel and may even weigh more than a modest sized male. Both animals have an extremely varied average weight. In horses, it's anywhere from 400-2,000 pounds and in camels 1,000-2,000. When viewing a normal healthy animal of either species, 1,500 pounds would be an average guess, if you rule out the possibility that the horse is a miniature or pony.

But don't let the similarity in an average weight fool you, camels (especially males) are much taller than horses. A camel can easily reach heights of over 8ft, if you factor in the hump. Some have been known to reach 10ft. Horses never get that tall, normally averaging about 5ft at the withers (the shoulder). The difference between the height and weight ratio is simply that a camel's build is made to support less fat and muscle, making for a leaner animal.

There are other differences and similarities, too. It's quite obvious that both are quadrupeds (standing on four legs) and have a similar body structure, eyes that are to the side of the head indicating that the animal is a herbivore and a long neck and legs when compared with the rest of the body. Both animals have hard nails on their toes, but horses stand upright on these nails (called hooves) and camels don't. Instead, camels have a soft gel-like pad on the bottom of their feet that slightly expands when pressure is applied. This is to help disperse a camel's weight effortlessly over the shifting sands of the camel's native environment. (Smuts, Bezuidenhout 44)

This specialized trait isn't the only physical difference a camel is equipped with to help him survive in the desert; in fact there are many others. Camels have thicker and longer eyelashes than horses to help protect sensitive eyes from desert winds. A special gland also lubricates the eyes continually in dry conditions. In fact, everything about the camel is designed to trap moisture inside the body and protect against dehydration, from the design of the membranes of the skin to little insulating flaps on a camel's nose. Even a camel's red blood cells are oblong instead of circular, which allows the animal to operate with less water. Scientists theorize that the shape is able to collapse more easily without detrimental deterioration of the camel's health that a common circular shape is prone to. They are the only known mammal to have this unique cellular structure. These are just some of the structural differences between camels and horses.

Before getting into behavioral comparisons and contrasts between the two animals, it is first important to understand a little bit about the evolution behind the actions. Horses have long since been preyed upon by just about anything that can catch them. Their evolutionary tree began with a very small animal that gradually evolved into the modern horse today. It's entire behavioral structure is built around a base instinct to flee at the first scent, sight or sound of a predator. A horse will only fight if fleeing is not an option or over territorial disputes with other stallions (male horses), otherwise it's ingrained in their behavior to bolt at the first sign of trouble. This causes the domestic horse today to be very weary of new sights, smells and sounds. The term "spooking" is often used in the equestrian community as an easy one-word description of this instinctual drive. If a horse isn't familiar with something, it's much more likely to spook than a camel.

While a horse is busy working itself up into a frenzy trying to move away from the perceived threat, nine times out of ten the camel will first carefully observe. Likewise, horses who get up in pasture fencing will panic, sometimes to the point of seriously self-harming themselves. Every time the horse moves and the wire tightens around its ankle or leg, pressure is applied and a cycle of distress is created. The prey instinct kicks in and the animal's need to flee grows stronger and the damage caused by the wire greater. Whereas, camels, typically, if tangled, do not panic. They simply work out how to step out from the material or wait patiently for assistance, if assistance is anticipated.

Why the dramatic difference in behavior? The answer is simple: Camels have no natural predators. Therefore they have no base instinct to flee and are much more thoughtful and methodical in the way they approach a new situation. Camels rarely spook at unfamiliar sights, sounds and noises unless previously conditioned by a bad experience. This in turn causes camels to be more out going and can lead to a boldness that can blur into aggression. If a horse gives an owner trouble, it may be acceptable to wave a riding crop towards the animal and cause it to move away, but a camel is much less likely to flee and may even challenge it.

It is for this reason as well that horses are easier to train. When touch is applied to a horse it sends a message to the primitive instinct to flee that says, "You need to move away from this. This can lead to falling down and being eaten." Of course a horse is intelligent enough to know its rider probably isn't looking to make a meal out of it, but the flee mechanism is so wired into the horse's behavior that the pressure still moves the animal forward and away from it. With camels, it takes a lot more coaxing for it to associate touch with "move off." A camel is more likely to lean right back.

But even though a horse has a higher level of train-ability, camels are the more intelligent of the two. With less time worrying about whether or not it's going to get eaten, camels have developed a larger capacity for intelligent thinking, like memory. Camels have an excellent memory and are able to recall years later if a certain person has treated them poorly. It is ill-advised to ever abuse a camel and stories of camels seeking revenge on those that have mistreated it are popular tales in Mongolia and the Far East. One story talks about a man who got in disagreement with his camel and ended up scolding him harshly. He knew that the camel was very angry with him and in the morning at his camp he would often view the camel staring at him when he awoke. He was advised by his companions to take something that carried his scent and give it to the camel to take his aggression out on before things escalated. The next day he disrobed his coat and threw it towards the angry camel. The camel moved forward and proceeded to trample, bite and kick the coat to shreds. (Weed, 45)

Where captivity is concerned, the husbandry requirements of both species are quite similar. Both camels and horses should be fed hay in captivity. Though camels require a much lower percentage of protein and shouldn't be fed rich or heavily green hays. Both camels and horses need about the same amount of acreage to be housed happily (typically one acre for the first animal and a half acre for each additional animal). It is not unusual for a horse to be housed in a stall with or without a small paddock, this is commonly referred to as "boarding." Camels cannot be boarded and perhaps due to their higher intelligence would develop behavioral problems if confined in this manner for long periods. Camels and horses both require salt supplementation in their diets, but camels require a much higher content. Tack (equipment to control the animals) is not comparable and camels need a specialized saddle that sits above the hump. They also cannot be controlled with a bit like a horse, because they do not have the same tooth or jaw structure to support its use.

Despite all the differences and similarities between horses and camels there's no doubting one thing: Be it for work or for pleasure, both have left a substantial footprint in our human world through their tireless service to mankind.