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Is it Time to Work Less?

Posted April 17, 2013 9:25 AM by HUSH
Pathfinder Tags: careers employment vacation workweek

I once heard an anecdote that if Microsoft-founder-turned-philanthropist Bill Gates passed a $100 bill on the ground, it wouldn't be worth his time to pick it up and put it in his pocket. Instead, he's better off spending those five seconds checking Xbox sales reports and the price of Microsoft stocks. It's true that if Bill Gates were to work 48 40-hour weeks a year, one second of his time would be worth $536.74, but that implies his personal time is worthless. So each second he spends with his family, playing bridge or fighting horse-sized ducks should be worthless to him, right?

I could argue that those seconds should be more valuable to him, and with it goes along the mindset that 'nobody ever wished they worked more on their deathbed.' Let's take a small glimpse at how valuable personal time is around the world. I may even be able to convince you to take all of your vacation time this summer.


Around the world, there is an almost-universal respect for the weekend. While you may have a Saturday-Sunday (Christian), Friday-Saturday (Jewish/Islam), or Thursday-Friday (Islam) weekend, in every society a week of labor commences with at least one day of rest [where we just bang on the drum all day]. (The French Revolutionary calendar ordered one day of rest for 10 days of work!) The first official limitation of work hours came from Boston-based shipbuilders in 1842 who demanded eight-hour workdays. In the following decades more American unions took up the eight-hour day banner, and the idea began to proliferate internationally (U.K. 1884; Australia, 1916; Spain, 1919).

In the United States, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America demanded a two-day weekend in 1929, and the ensuing Great Depression would reduce work availability overall. In 1938, FDR signed into law a standardized five-day, 40-hour workweek in an attempt to help reduce layoffs, and this is seen as the current international benchmark.

There are some minor exceptions to the 40-hour workweek however. Chile works a 45-hour week; Columbians and Indians work 48. In Israel, workers typically labor from Sunday until midday Friday, resulting in a 43-hour workweek. Danes have an official workweek of 37 hours. The communists of the Soviet Union saw the benefit to a 41 hour workweek. So while most nations fall into the ballpark range of 40 hours, there are also some major exceptions to the 40 hour week. Many developed countries have seen the average hours worked per laborer slowly erode. Several factors are responsible for this trend: technological advances and mechanized efficiency; the huge increase in women workers in the past 50 years; and the smaller family sizes which means less hours need to be worked to support dependents.

France has the second-lowest workweek in the world, with just 30 labor hours on average, and a legal cap at 35 hours. This saves the French worker 22 days a year, in addition to their average 30 days of vacation and 13 holidays. The typical Dutch worker belabors just 27 hours each week, and at current rates the Netherlands will be first nation to have an average workweek of less than 21 hours. What's more, the Dutch are some of the most productive workers in the European Union.

There have been calls to further reduce the average workweek from 40 hours to 21. British economy watchdog the New Economics Foundation called for the U.K to permanently adopt a 21 hour work week. They cite that a workweek deduced by nearly half would address issues such as climate change, high carbon emissions, low worker morale, class inequalities, family care situations and an overall lack of leisure. Other policy think-tanks agree that such a move could affect numerous social problems, but instituting a very short workweek, either legally or collectively, has been met with much skepticism. Opponents argue that shortening the work week for the benefit of unemployment and wealth distribution is decidedly Marxist, and it has not curtailed unemployment in France, which stands at over 10%.

Instead, perhaps we should make better utilization of our vacation days. Expedia (yes, the discount travel website) believes that North Americans, the Japanese, and Koreans are all vacation-deprived. The typical CanAmMex worker earns between 10-16 days of vacation, but still leaves an unused surplus. Japanese and Korean workers earn at most about 10 days of vacation, and maybe they use half of them. On the flip side, Germany, Brazil, France and Spain see the most days of vacation, with the average of 30 days-all of them redeemed. Some employers even grant 40 days of vacation.

What's not up for debate is the need for vacation. Psychology Today notes that overstressed individuals are more susceptible to become ill, injured or depressed. It also cites studies that state vacations allow time for individuals to have, "rest and recuperation from work; provision of new experiences leading to a broadening of horizons and the opportunity for learning and intercultural communication; promotion of peace and understanding; personal and social development; visiting friends and relatives; religious pilgrimage and health; and, subjective wellbeing." One study even suggests a type of 'vacation welfare' for families who are unable to de-stress.

Working time seemed to top out in the late 19th century with industrialization on the rise, a lack of government oversight, and a general disregard for workers' rights. As the average workweek fell, domestic lives seemed to improve. But between 1970 and 2002, hours worked per capita in the U.S. has increased by 20%. Is it time to scale back again?

If there was ever a good segue into an Office Space clip, this is it: too much Lumbergh results in a fax machine beatdown.

Resources

(Image credits: Secrets of the Fed; Real Simple; ForeignPolicy.com; Life Clever; Nerd Unlimited)

IB Times - These Countries Get The Most Vacation Days

Huffington Post - Vacation Days By Country

Psych Today - The Importance of Vacations...

Wikipedia - Workweek and weekend; Working time

CBS News - France: Less Work, More Time Off

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#1

Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/17/2013 5:38 PM

Is it time to work less?

Well you don't have to question me about it I say yes it is time to work less!

As far as someone not being able to stop to pick up money because it will cost them too much that is just stupid. It's called multitasking and examples like this just show how idiotic one sided statistical analysis of everyday actions can be.

Do you think that whenever my stocks go up I immediately stop working and just sit there until their value balances what I would have made if I had been working for that time? Or that when they go down I immediately start filling out job applications to pick up more work to balance the losses out?

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#2

Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/17/2013 7:49 PM

Don't worry he has a minimum wage worker following behind whose job it is to pick up $100 dollar bills that constantly fall in his path....

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#5
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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 3:11 AM

That is a Great Answer, it works on so many levels.
Del

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#6
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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 5:34 AM

CVs/resumés to where, please?

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#3

Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 12:28 AM

I don't consider myself especially socialist, but I do have to admit that the 40 hour work week, minimum wage and the very existance of weekends are a triumph indeed. I am sure that when 80 hour work weeks were the norm, fat cats with big cigars would sit on their broad chairs and complain that such government interferance in free enterprise like reducing the work week to a mere 40 hours would ruin their industry and provide a population that has so much leisure that there would be town meetings and political disturbances.

Personally, I rather like the idea of a 21 hour week.

Of course, there is that "pay" thing...I would not logically expect to work a 21 hour week and expect to get paid for 42 hours!

Come to think of it, I do that now. I just keep my expectations lower.

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#4
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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 1:25 AM

Henry Ford is a fat cat that pushed for a 40 hour work week....... Of course he did the math on it to see its value.

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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 6:13 AM

Reducing the work week would certainly create more jobs. The extra cost for this would be borne by the consumer. This would be the easiest and fairest way to create jobs. Companies are so efficient now, that very few new jobs are being created. Reducing the workweek is something the government could do. With the extra time, some people would do extra jobs in the service industry. The ambitious people would use the extra time to better themselves. However, the fat cats and their followers would denounce it as inflationary, communistic, socialist, un-American, unconstitutional, illegal, antichristian, fattening, and will cause the country to bankrupt.

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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 7:40 AM

The extra cost for this would be borne by the consumer.
Or it could be borne by the guys at the top taking lower wages, and the companies taking smaller proffits.

Some proffit is fine on top of what's needed to pay a decent wage, and re-invest in the business.

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#10
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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 10:29 AM

One only needs to go to France to see how well that works out.

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#14
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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/19/2013 5:43 AM

There must be reasonableness in most solutions. If a 21 hour work week is too little, what about a 32 hour work week? Or, have no government interference and go back to the old sweat shop days?

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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/19/2013 7:28 AM

With reduced hours, I feel it would be bad becsaue the biggest reason is boredom.......

I have found if I work less, there is more time to spend money, with a shorter work week, there will be days where the hammer drops, nothing is being spent becasue there is nothing to spend.

As opposed to working more and saving.

I sure there are economist that would say thats good, it stimulate the economy becsaue all the money is back in circulation, but the safety net is removed.

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#11
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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 11:21 AM

I'm sorry but my "contract" (verbal or written) between me and my employer is MY business. Beyond guaranteeing my basic rights, I would resent any more Federal (or State) intrusion. The FLSA is more than enough regulation for the US, IMO.

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#13
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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 10:57 PM

Basic rights like....?????

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#16
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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/19/2013 8:15 AM

Here in the US, the Constitution and the

Fair Labor Standards Act

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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/19/2013 5:07 PM

Wow...thats pretty inclusive!

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#9

Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 7:43 AM

I'm surprised that politicians didn't already latch onto this lowering the standard work week ......... for all the wrong reasons......................

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#12

Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/18/2013 6:42 PM

I was looking for a simple graph of work hours per week over several decades and found this article/paper. I skimmed it and it raises quite a number of questions in one's mind. For all the data presented, the Discussion is a bit thin. Still, I find it interesting and some of it counter-intuitive. It covers the transition where households became "working" couples, instead of just one breadwinner. And another article about the transition for stay-at-home Moms (https://www.census.gov/hhes/families/files/ASA2010_Kreider_Elliott.pdf - sorry, link no longer available). It does also raise the cultural question of our view of the importance of work in the overall scheme of things. As it is, work is favored with a 5 consecutive day period, vs. our 2 consecutive days of "free" time.

My "shoot from the hip" contention is that the 20% increase in work hours would show a period of higher increase (slope) coinciding with outsourcing and downsizing, when the employees who were retained were asked to produce the same amount of work as the prior, larger workforce; i.e., the remaining employees saw a sharper increase in the average hours worked per week after the cutbacks. And the cutbacks were seldom if ever reversed; thus the longer working hours per week. After a few years, newer employees would think that was just the company "culture."

Regarding the need for coping with the stresses of work (we do work longer hours here in the U.S. than most other countries as the OP cites), I find 2 days a week off to be barely, to not quite, sufficient. So many people have "working" weekends to try to get the things done they can't get around to during the week -- householders especially. If we were to go to a 21 hour work week across the board it would be quite an adjustment. Some services, such as Police, Fire and medical establishments (hospitals) would still be expected to be available 24/7 by citizens. How many industries are there like that? Changes would have to be made in working schedules to accommodate that expectation. It might create some jobs. I think even a 32-hour work week would be helpful to most. Pay cuts couldn't be tolerated by many -- especially the working poor, who would probably suffer in some way -- lower income due to the reduced hours and/or no chance for working longer hours to maintain their current paycheck or take advantage of increased opportunities. On top of it all, labor laws are such that they can still result in the equivalent of slavery.

In France department stores, similar to Walmart, (and most businesses) close in the middle of the day and then reopen in the late afternoon, closing early evening. We would, initially, probably panic over that. Would we find tasks, such as getting new tires on our car more difficult? Or any service? I don't know, but I do wonder. Like many things in life, one adjusts to whatever exists, like it or not. We all have many issues we can bitch about, but we still find a way to live with them (or around them, as the case may be). We can't force other countries to our work schedule (or their currency ratings ). We live with it. So making changes shouldn't be taboo.

What about a restructuring whereby we work 2 days on and 1 day off, with "x" floating days off a month in lieu of the odd 7 days as a week? (I think that would mean the final week of a 28-day period would be different, so some employees would cover the floating days off for other employee -- a rotating schedule of some sort.) Or some other plan to accomplish the same intent -- looking at another period; a month, or a year, rather than a week, for instance? Sometimes I think the 5 days at a time is as much a part of the stress as the total hours. Chopping it up means days off are always more around the corner. We would lose "hump" day, though. Would such a pioneering business be attractive to you as a prospective employee?

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#18
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Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/19/2013 5:37 PM

Well, when my girl friend goes to work in the morning, she gets up at three AM to be on the road and into the temp agency by five. If she is late, she is placed at the bottom of the list for the rest of the week. If she does not bring a soda pop and a bag of chips to the controller, she is on the bottom of the list again. There is never enough work for everybody, so the reward-punishment system is very petty but very effective.

And there is nothing she can do about it except maybe sign up to a different temp agency. The system cannot be fixed.

When my cousin needs a job done, he drives past a certain street corner, and picks up a few people who will fight for the opportunity to trim his trees or whatever. He pays them a fair wage, but under the table...for the simple reason that the paperwork burden to get things done is too great. If the hoops that the government makes him follow were less onerous, he would jump through them.

My teacher's union wanted me to sign on to a "standard wage package" to bring the instructors at my college in line with "industry standards". We noted that more than 65 per cent of the tuition monies went into our salaries, and that if we doubled our salaries, the tuition would rise. Reducing the number of students. Most of the courses were being run pretty close to the edge as it was, so I voted against a salary rise. In public. I was snubbed and shunned by my union brothers. But continued to be employed. Covers the mortgage I guess.

In addition to my teaching duties, (which have cut back to one day a week now) I also run my own blacksmith shop in which I make suits of armour, swords, daggers, and some pretty awesome memories. I work in that shop sometimes for sixty hours, rarely less than fifty hours per week. I am the owner, not an employee, so none of the "rights" apply to me. I am content, but there are times when I wonder why I bother. (then some gorgeous silicon sister comes jiggling in wanting a sexy halter, and it all comes back to me...) But sometimes it is an uphill battle.

So my experience in the work force is probably not typical.

I am greatly interested in how you guys do it! Should we all simply, like Hank Reardon, simply "shrug" and start our own companies? Or should we all fall into line and support our unions? Or somewhere in the middle?

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#19

Re: Is it Time to Work Less?

04/20/2013 6:49 AM

Another story about Bill Gates was that he did not intend to leave his kids a massive fortune (heck, I suppose such things are relative). The reason quoted was, 'will that bring them success or happiness ? I have no idea if that quote is true, but it seems reasonably sane.

Just my 2-cents, but I think the guy is castigated too much. Microsoft may make some real annoying stuff, but overall it's done a great deal for the world. I'll bet a fair few people first got online with a microsft product such as WFWG. We wouldn't be here in cyberspace without it, and that pony long since bolted from the stable door. With all due respect to a dead guy, Steve Jobs might not come out so good when history is written -engineering sold as a fashion accessory. Astonishing marketing savvy, but does all that i-crap help the world ? It's mostly oversold junk that people don't honestly need. Still, it looks pretty.

I'd comment on the rest, But I'm intrigued to go for a stroll and see if anyone has dropped a large value bill. It's surprising how often you can stumble acros some lost money. The point is very interesting - just how big a coin or note would cause people to stop and pick it up ? Even more interesting, if it was a large amount would you hand it in to the police or whoever. I'd love to sound rightious, but it's a fair bet that if I stumbled across a fiver I'd simply pocket it (). Not the same if I spotted somebody drop it and could thereby know who to give it to, but that's a slightly shameful realization. My only excuse is that nobody losing a few quid is likely to report it to the police. The very thing happened to a family member - several hundred quid. They handed it in to the police with all available info that might help iD the person who had lost it. After the due period of time, the police handed it back (to family member) with the explanation that it hasn't been claimed within however many months the law dictates, so it's yours. Somewhat bitter-sweet. It might have been some pensioners monthly income, yet there was no way to return it.

What's not up for debate.....and so all employers should allow staff a little time on CR4. A 'power nap/time out' does wonders for the soul. It's usually Del, but this time the Teamsters made me say that.

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