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I once heard an anecdote that if Microsoft-founder-turned-philanthropist Bill Gates passed a $100 bill o n the ground, it wouldn't be worth his time to pick it up and put it in his pocket. Instead, he's better off spending those five seconds checking Xbox sales reports and the price of Microsoft stocks. It's true that if Bill Gates were to work 48 40-hour weeks a year, one second of his time would be worth $536.74, but that implies his personal time is worthless. So each second he spends with his family, playing bridge or fighting horse-sized ducks should be worthless to him, right?
I could argue that those seconds should be more valuable to him, and with it goes along the mindset that 'nobody ever wished they worked more on their deathbed.' Let's take a small glimpse at how valuable personal time is around the world. I may even be able to convince you to take all of your vacation time this summer.
Around the world, there is an almost-universal respect for the weekend. While you may have a Saturday-Sunday (Christian), Friday-Saturday (Jewish/Islam), or Thursday-Friday (Islam) weekend, in every society a week of labor commences with at least one day of rest [where we just bang on the drum all day]. (The French Revolutionary calendar ordered one day of rest for 10 days of work!) The first official limitation of work hours came from Boston-based shipbuilders in 1842 who demanded eight-hour workdays. In the following decades more American unions took up the eight-hour day banner, and the idea began to proliferate internationally (U.K. 1884; Australia, 1916; Spain, 1919).
In the United States, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America demanded a two-day weekend in 1929, and the ensuing Great Depression would reduce work availability overall. In 1938, FDR signed into law a standardized five-day, 40-hour workweek in an attempt to help reduce layoffs, and this is seen as the current international benchmark.
There are some minor exceptions to the 40-hour workweek however. Chile works a 45-hour week; Columbians and Indians work 48. In Israel, workers typically labor from Sunday until midday Friday, resulting in a 43-hour workweek. Danes have an official workweek of 37 hours. The communists of the Soviet Union saw the benefit to a 41 hour workweek. So while most nations fall into the ballpark range of 40 hours, there are also some major exceptions to the 40 hour week. Many developed countries have seen the average hours worked per laborer slowly erode. Several factors are responsible for this trend: technological advances and mechanized efficiency; the huge increase in women workers in the past 50 years; and the smaller family sizes which means less hours need to be worked to support dependents.
France has the second-lowest workweek in the world, with just 30 labor hours on average, and a legal cap at 35 hours. This saves the French worker 22 days a year, in addition to their average 30 days of vacation and 13 holidays. The typical Dutch worker belabors just 27 hours each week, and at current rates the Netherlands will be first nation to have an average workweek of less than 21 hours. What's more, the Dutch are some of the most productive workers in the European Union.
There have been calls to further reduce the average workweek from 40 hours to 21. British economy watchdog the New Economics Foundation called for the U.K to permanently adopt a 21 hour work week. They cite that a workweek deduced by nearly half would address issues such as climate change, high carbon emissions, low worker morale, class inequalities, family care situations and an overall lack of leisure. Other policy think-tanks agree that such a move could affect numerous social problems, but instituting a very short workweek, either legally or collectively, has been met with much skepticism. Opponents argue that shortening the work week for the benefit of unemployment and wealth distribution is decidedly Marxist, and it has not curtailed unemployment in France, which stands at over 10%.
Instead, perhaps we should make better utilization of our vacation days. Expedia (yes, the discount travel website) believes that North Americans, the Japanese, and Koreans are all vacation-deprived. The typical CanAmMex worker earns between 10-16 days of vacation, but still leaves an unused surplus. Japanese and Korean workers earn at most about 10 days of vacation, and maybe they use half of them. On the flip side, Germany, Brazil, France and Spain see the most days of vacation, with the average of 30 days-all of them redeemed. Some employers even grant 40 days of vacation.
What's not up for debate is the need for vacation. Psychology Today notes that overstressed individuals are more susceptible to become ill, injured or depressed. It also cites studies that state vacations allow time for individuals to have, "rest and recuperation from work; provision of new experiences leading to a broadening of horizons and the opportunity for learning and intercultural communication; promotion of peace and understanding; personal and social development; visiting friends and relatives; religious pilgrimage and health; and, subjective wellbeing." One study even suggests a type of 'vacation welfare' for families who are unable to de-stress.
Working time seemed to top out in the late 19th century with industrialization on the rise, a lack of government oversight, and a general disregard for workers' rights. As the average workweek fell, domestic lives seemed to improve. But between 1970 and 2002, hours worked per capita in the U.S. has increased by 20%. Is it time to scale back again?
If there was ever a good segue into an Office Space clip, this is it: too much Lumbergh results in a fax machine beatdown.
Resources
(Image credits: Secrets of the Fed; Real Simple; ForeignPolicy.com; Life Clever; Nerd Unlimited)
IB Times - These Countries Get The Most Vacation Days
Huffington Post - Vacation Days By Country
Psych Today - The Importance of Vacations...
Wikipedia - Workweek and weekend; Working time
CBS News - France: Less Work, More Time Off
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