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The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

Posted July 24, 2013 11:20 AM by HUSH

Let me say this: I hate flying on commercial airplanes.

If a terrorists' job is make me feel endangered and vulnerable in places like an airport or on an airplane, then he is terrible at his task. Between the cameras, security, dogs, air marshals and everything else, there are few places I feel as safe as at an airport. However, if said terrorists' intention is to make me get extremely bored and frustrated as I wait in line for someone to take near-nude photos of me, and suffer the explanation in differences between 3 oz. and 4 oz. travel bottles, well then that terrorist has definitely earned his martyrdom.

What else do I hate about flying? Nickel-and-diming. The ridiculous screenings. Checking and then losing luggage. Being stuck on runways. Flying coach (which is really all I can afford). Eating terrible cabin food. Sitting way too close to sweaty strangers. Having about 8 inches of leg room and a seat that "reclines" (more like jostles) a few centimeters. The oversensitivity.

I could go on, but why bother? After all, just a few years ago U.S. President Obama allocated $12 billion towards developing high speed rail here in the U.S. This plan should transform the nation's outdated railways between a couple dozen U.S. cities into super-speed people movers. Amtrak officials see a day where taking the train from Boston to Washington D.C. takes just three hours, whereas today it takes at least 6.5 hours. Such infrastructure upgrades would mean air travel is relegated to cross-country and international trips, and would reinvigorate a stagnant railroad industry. Amtrak indicates that 20% of the U.S.'s GDP is generated between five urban hubs located in the Northeast - Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington - and that failing to provide these cities with high-speed rail undermines the nation's economy.

But absolutely no high-speed rail construction has resulted from the $12 billion, as of yet. California's high-speed rail plan is closest to fruition, with track upgrades and bypasses being implemented, but no new track has been laid. By 2017, the first 130-mile stretch of dedicated high-speed rail will be completed between Fresno and Bakersfield. And by 2040, (yes, 2040) it's estimated that the final high-speed lines will be set between Los Angeles and San Diego.

At this rate of progress, high-speed rail will be obsolete by the time it's ready. On August 12, Elon Musk - you know him from PayPal, SpaceX, Tesla Motors, Solar City - will announce his newest project: the Hyperloop. It's certainly ambitious, as it's expected to reduce travel time from Los Angeles to San Francisco to just 30 minutes, which high-speed rail pegs at 2 hours, 40 minutes. Musk calls it a "cross between a Concorde and a railgun and an air hockey table."

The Hyperloop would incorporate maglev trains inserted into a tube system which is vacuum sealed. The lack of air resistance and friction would enable the train to reach speeds of 700 mph with relative ease. Energy requirements would be very low, and if the system is placed above ground it could even be energy positive with solar panels. Musk claims his design can never crash and is immune to weather. It is likely very similar to the tube transport systems found at bank drive-throughs, which use a series of high and low pressure air columns to move canisters within the tubes. Artist John Gardi thinks he's uncovered Musk's design based on his statements.

While the idea is fresh, the innovations that make this design possible are not. Similar designs, known as vactrains, were patented as early as 1945, and dreamed of decades earlier. The most notable difference between vactrains and the hyperloop would be the speed; vactrains would be capable of reaching 5,000 mph. There would be no sonic boom, and the train would accelerate via gravity and magnetic levitation. In the 1970's, an engineer named Robert M. Salter proposed a collection of vactrains which would provide regional travel in the U.S. at 3,000 mph. The concept was improved to the point where a worldwide subway system called PlaneTran could provide intercontinental travel in just a few hours. (Beijing to New York? 2 hours.) Clearly the designs were never pursued, but the concept keeps popping up whenever improving rail travel becomes a political topic.

Elon Musk wants to dissuade the U.S. and California governments from pursuing high speed rail any further, but it's going to be hard to convince politicians to abandon a plan that provides jobs, infrastructure spending, and photo opportunities. While Musk's Hyperloop would cost about 1/10th less, it will be impossible to construct without the government's endorsement; multiple rights issues stand in the way.

Rail travel stands at a crossroads railroads rail-crossroads in 2013. It's up to bureaucrats to believe in something radical and altruistic, even if it's a little eccentric. Unfortunately, I don't have much faith that I'll see the Hyperloop or a vactrain in my lifetime.


Resources

RAND.org - Trans-Planetary Subway Systems (.pdf)

Wikipedia - Vactrain

Popular Mechanics - Hyperloop and Friends

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#1

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/24/2013 6:43 PM

You wrote, "...there are few places I feel as safe as at an airport."

I consider everything before the airport security checkpoint a soft target and therefore a high risk. There is little security before that checkpoint and hordes of people are all crammed together.

As for feeling safe, there is no place like home. :)

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#2

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/24/2013 7:10 PM

As for high speed trains, Amtrak has never been profitable (they are always earning less than what they spend and have a negative cash flow).

I am not certain that speed is the reason why they never earn their keep, but if it increased ridership enough could it offset the actual cost of operation? Most analysts say no.

This has been the deal killer in Florida and other states. No one can make a good business case for high speed rail except for the politicians and their donors.

All of this has been tried before and never went anywhere. It would not surprise me that it will go nowhere again, despite the lofty dreams coming out of the bedroom of the White House.

The US simply does not have a love affair for mass transit. When you compare the mass transit in the US to Singapore (or Europe), the US mass transit looks like something used to transport refugees and prisoners. The only explanation I can find is that it is simply a cultural thing. Americans simply do not find romance in mass transit, so, no matter how grand the scheme for a new rail system, people do nothing but yawn.

That being said, I just booked our first trip a few days ago on Amtrak's Autotrain for this Fall.

The ride is 17 hours and costs over $1,000. We can drive that same route in 15 hours sticking to the speed limits for a $125 in gas, but we thought we would try it once.

Our trip is long enough that the absence of paying for a rental car gets us close (but not equal) to what airfare and a rental would be for the week of travel and we avoid the TSA menagerie.

I will be glad to report back after the trip.

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#3
In reply to #2

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/24/2013 9:10 PM

I agree, here in Japan, it is the opposite, mass transit is ingrained in the culture (driving a car here in the city is inconvinient).

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#4
In reply to #2

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/24/2013 9:18 PM

I've had the opportunity to ride the Shinkansen (bullet train) in Japan a few times. It's a pleasant experience, very much like an airplane ride but without the pressure changes and turbulence and so forth. It's very quiet. But I've read that even the Shinkansen needs government subsidies to survive; that only a few of the sections generate profit, and most operate at a slight loss.

I agree completely with AH's assessment about high speed rail in the US.

Even if you make the wild assumption that some technology breakthrough cuts the costs by 80 percent, the map shown makes no sense. There are a number of glaring flaws: A separate non-stop line from New Orleans to Chicago being the most obvious; it would make more sense to have the line go from NO to Little Rock. There is no need to have 3 lines crossing the southwest (and skipping Las Vegas?!); there should be a single line from StL to LV and from there there could be 2 lines, one going to Phoenix and San Antonio, the other going to Los Angeles and tying into the CA line.

The vacuum system proposed here reminds me of the 'spam in a can' description of the early space program, when the command ships were called 'capsules'. Would these tubes have windows, so you could watch the landscape passing by? I'm guessing no.

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#5
In reply to #2

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/24/2013 10:18 PM

No bullet trains for me.

I've ridden the Coast Starlight from L.A. to Seattle twice and the scenery is spectacular. I wouldn't want to rush through that.

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#6
In reply to #2

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/25/2013 1:53 AM

I wonder if you factor in the tax dollars supporting road maintenance and building,and if that was instead diverted to rail, if the rail costs would actually be lower. Our roads are paid for by taxes, but is it proportionate to rail?

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#7
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Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/25/2013 7:27 AM

My understanding is that road subsidies are about equal to to the percentage of rail subsidies, but road subsidies pay off better than Amtrak on a per passenger/per mile basis. Remember, roads also serve commercial traffic (short and long haul).

Amtrak gets about 40% of its revenue from taxpayer dollars.

The original idea was to pour tax money into the system as seed money to get it up and running and then allow it to become self sufficient and earn a profit.

That never happened and taxpayers have never been able to wean Amtrak off of the public breast.

The fear is that the poor rely on Amtrak to get around and they can not afford to foot the real cost of ridership. This is true, but only between 10% to 15% of Amtrak riders earn less than $20K per year.

Raising fares would not only shut out those lower tier riders, but would perpetuate an exodus of enough upper tier riders to collapse the system. Amtrak trains represent only so much value to the commuter. Some critics claim it is the way Amtrak is run that causes the problem. Government regulations and micromanagement hinder profitability. That may have some truth, but I think there is more to the story than that.

The real problem is geographic. Unlike Europe and other countries, the US population is dispersed over a greater land mass and is by nature, highly mobile. Additionally, population centers are separated by far longer distances. The model that works well in other countries and even continents does not fare as well in the US where mobility is not only desirable, it is essential for everyday life. Adding insult to injury, the "car" culture in the US is well entrenched and personal transportation serves the needs of commuters pretty well in all areas but the densest cities.

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#11
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Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/26/2013 8:03 AM

Looking at the price differences between Amtrak and local trains, Maryland's MARC and Pennsylvania's SEPTA, the costs are far different. Amtrak averages 2-4x the cost of a local train. I don't think that a lot of low income riders are riding Amtrak. I'm guessing they're using local trains. Buses are more the choice of low income riders for longer trips.

Amtrak is great for moving along the northeast corridor, from DC to Boston. Not so great for getting across Pennsylvania. I took a trip from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia a few years back, as my plane trip had been canceled due to a snow storm. It took nearly 8 hours. It was a nice ride with a lot of pleasant scenery, but it was not quick. The trains top speed was around 50 mph, but it averaged less than 40 for the trip.

I'm curious as to how well the freight rail systems are doing financially? In the midwest and west, I'm sure they're doing well. Here on the east coast, they have to compete with highway traffic.

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#8

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/25/2013 9:35 AM

because something "can be built" doesn't mean it should be. I admire Musk and his accomplishments to date but this isn't Europe or Asia. Americans love their freedom and the individuality that car ownership brings them. we might see some smaller systems but an entire network? no way! give me 50 MPG and I'll go quietly

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#9

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/25/2013 3:34 PM

As far as flying commercial is concerned, I stopped when the normal contents of my pockets were declared contraband. High speed rail has one major problem which is shared with air travel. When you finally get to the carrier's destination, you still need toi get to your destination - usually requiring the rental of a car. For travel within 1,000 miles or so, I find it's easier to drive my own vehicle thus enabling me to take a virtually unlimited amount (and type) of 'stuff'. Takes a little longer, but usually is still cheaper than air or rail travel.

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#10

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/25/2013 5:40 PM

Did you see the high speed crash of the Spanish train yesterday? Engineer texting perhaps?

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#12

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/27/2013 8:05 PM

This is the California ''White-elephant-express'', on steroids.

What, may you ask is a White elephant? Figuratively speaking, it is an object of such great value that the intended recipient would be to embarrassed to refuse, and that the giver would be too insulted to be allowed to be refused.

The salient feature of the exchange is that the (white elephant) is so expensive to maintain and support that it will eventually bankrupt the recipient.

Thus, the recipient has to give away the (white elephant) before going bankrupt, or figure out new ways to make enough money to support such a millstone.

Ground is about to be broken for the initial phase of the California (elephant) train from Fresno to Bakersfield. Bakersfield is a large city which is already in bankruptcy.

There just aren't enough people who want to go to either city, by any means.

So, the question remains, how can this relatively,little white elephant EVER pay for itself, let alone, a transnational one as discussed above???...

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#13

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

07/29/2013 11:21 AM

What I keep envisioning is all the ways bureaucracy will screw it up anyway if it ever gets built. (I'm speaking more to the California line, but certainly can apply elsewhere).

The first time someone gets aboard with a fuse sticking out of their underwear, we'll get all the hassle of an airport with security, X-rays, removing shoes, etc. adding hours to this "high speed" form of travel.

Very difficult to protect thousands of miles of track from terrorists... so better go slow for safety!

They will charge some insane amount to park your car at the station, and won't provide security so said car will get broken into... Customer lost.

They'll be sure to subsidise the ridership of criminals (they're poor and underprivileged dontcha' know) so they will make the commuters uncomfortable. Or homeless will be living on board.

Still need ground transportation from the destination that will be union controlled monopolized taxis that will be sure to negate any hoped for $ savings. Buses will be sure to have a different schedule from the trains, but of course neither will run on time anyway.

Construction costs have already tripled or more since it was voted for with certainly more to come.(Have all the environmental lawyers to pay off, of course the environmentalists are the ones screaming for this).

This will cost so much that roads will be more underfunded/poorly maintained (thus gently coaxing us to use the train).

Okay, better take a breath and enjoy the rest of CR4.

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#14

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

08/11/2013 4:31 PM

Rather than the high speed passenger service now proposed I would prefer the resumption of the auto train, expanded to go east/west with n/s feeders every 750 miles or so. Just load your stuff into your vehicle near your point of origin, then unload at a terminal somewhere near your destination. On a long trip it should save both stress and fuel, especially if Con-Rail fuel quotes are anywhere near realistic.

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#15
In reply to #14

Re: The Faster-than-a-Bullet Train

08/11/2013 9:04 PM

I am scheduled to take that train this Fall.

Only because I just want to do it once.

It costs a ridiculous amount of money. I could ship my car and fly there for the same money.

It is slow. 17 hours of train travel time versus 15 hours of drive time by Google Maps. I don't know if the 17 hours includes loading and unloading time.

So, is it a better alternative? Not decisively so in my book.

Add to the fact that even though the train is expensive, Amtrak still loses money as a company and requires huge tax payer subsidies to keep going.

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