"We're trying to engineer zombies. That's what we're trying
to do," explains Dr. Selmer Bringsjord, director of the Rensselaer Artificial
Intelligence and Reasoning Laboratory (RAIR). Bringsjord, who also chairs the
Department of Cognitive Science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), is
the author of tracts such as "What Robots Can and Can't Be" and "In Defense of
Impenetrable Zombies". Last week, Dr. Bringsjord met with CR4's frankd20
and Moose at the Troy,
NY offices of GlobalSpec, the
company which powers CR4. For over an hour, Professor Bringsjord answered
questions about his current research, and discussed the promise and perils of artificial intelligence (AI).
Technical Philosophy
Selmer Bringsjord is an imposing figure, a man who towers
above his peers in terms of physical size and intellectual achievement. Yet he
is also extremely approachable, a college professor who answers email from
strangers like us, and regales his students with tales of lost luggage. A
graduate of the University of Pennsylvania (B.A., magna cum laude, 1981),
Bringsjord earned a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brown University
in 1987. There, he read Eugene Charniak's "Introduction to Artificial
Intelligence" and took a course by the same name. Eschewing the work of the
great philosophers, Bringsjord devoted himself to what he calls "technical
philosophy in all its forms." The link between logic and computer science is a
strong one, and the philosopher's dedication to the former had implications for
the latter.
IBM, RPI, and CCNI
Today,
Selmer Bringsjord leads a project called "Engineering Cognitively Robust
Synthetic Characters." Formerly known as RASCALS, an acronym for
"Rensselaer Advanced Synthetic Architecture for Living Systems", Bringsjord's
research puts the RPI professor in front of one of the world's fastest
supercomputers. As reported last month in CR4, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
has teamed up with IBM and New York State to form a $100-million partnership,
creating the world's most powerful university-based supercomputing center. Located
in the Rensselaer Technology Park (which is also home to GlobalSpec and CR4), the
Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations (CCNI) boasts a series of
IBM BlueGene/L systems which contain a total of 32,768 Power OC 440 700 MHz
processors.
The Turing Test
So why does Selmer Bringsjord need so much computing power to
conduct AI research? It's a simple story really – at least for a human to tell.
During the 1950s, an English logician named Alan Mathison Turing devised the
Turing Test, an exercise in which a person engages a machine in
natural-language conversation. In order for the machine to "pass" the test, the
person must mistakenly conclude that the machine (a form of artificial
intelligence) is another human being. Turning a machine into a storyteller isn't
so simple, however. "Any AI at all is a form of a zombie", Dr. Bringsjord explains.
AI can be "sophisticated", but artificial intelligence is devoid of emotion. Consequently,
"the characterization is very shallow" in machine-told tales. AI researchers
grow frustrated, and human test subjects remain unconvinced.
That's where supercomputing comes in.
Editor's Note: Click here for Part 2 of this four-part series. Part 3 and Part 4 are also available.
Steve Melito - The Y Files
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