Researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory have found a way of improving efficiency of solar panels by as much as 35%. The researchers use semiconductor nanocrystals of smaller than 10 nanometers in diameter made of lead and selenium. When illuminated by blue and green light, these nanocrystals react by producing twice the electrons of conventional bulk semiconductors through a process called carrier multiplication.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/05/04050 5065828.htm