Harmonics Impacts and Remedy

This sounds like a holiday school assignment question.

If you share what you believe to be the correct answers (after conducting your own research) with CR4 then somebody may help clarify or correct your interpretation.

What if somebody provides you with false advice? You wouldn't know or suspect a thing...

What's the pass mark?

GA.

I think you've just done this person's homework for them....

Some power electronics equipment can be replaced with their energy efficient equivalents; Example, replace the traditional lights with energy efficient lights. Traditional light fixtures have ballasts, where energy efficient lights do not. This will improve power quality and reduce harmonics.

Dear Mr. iftikhar

1.Hormonics is an in-built and un-wanted issue in ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, while adopting A.C to D.C and again to D.C power for Variable Frequency Drive where STEP LESS SPEED VARIATION is possible and required.

2. The Hormonics results in VOLTAGE DISTORTION i.e NON-SISOIDAL WAVE FORM which has the Equation E= Emax.SinTheta and CURRENT DISTORTION while DC to AC conversion takes place. It is in odd multiples of Fundamental Frequency, Hormonics like 5th Hormonics, 7thHormonics, 11th Hormonics, 13th Hormonics, 15th Hormonics etc. Even HORMONICS, like 2nd, 4th, 6th etc. does not and will not exist, as it gets cancelled.

In alternators, 3rd Hormonics will not exist or very minimal due to Star connection. Hormonics Intensity is measured in terms PERCENTAGE of FUNDAMENTAL VOLTAGE and CURRENT, for each level of Hormonics and cumulative effect is calcuated..

3. The bad effect of HORMONICS is over-heating of the equipment, insulation failure, more shaft current etc.

4. Provide HORMONIC FILTERS which will minimise the HORMONICS EFFECT. You will get more suggestions/explanations/details from CR 4 members.

DHAYANANDHAN.S

Dear Mr.iftikhar

In my reply/response I have to add one more point FOR MINIMIZING the HORMONICS.

The CONVERTER Transformer should be having STAR and DELTA CONNECTION in the Secondary Windings and this also will minimise or control HORMONICS.

DHAYANANDHAN.S

Iftikhar,

I found that as one learns, it is often more important to know where to get the answers and how to evaluate the reliability of the answers, than it was to just know the answers. I agree that you are asking a "homework" type of question and we at CR4 are reluctant to just feed you the answers. CR4 is one possible source for getting your answers; so also would be a search engine on the web, or a look (for starters) at what Wikipedia article(s) may say.

I will ask you a couple questions. I hope that as you try to answer them, these answers will lead you to the answers to your original questions.

1. How do you mathematically describe a sawtooth waveform in terms of addition of sine waveforms at different multiples of the base frequency? You could do a graphical study of this, if you want.

2. Can such an addition of sine waveforms be used to describe any arbitrary waveform?

3. If so, how would you describe this formula or series so another person could understand it?

4. How might a generator (which is trying to put power onto the lines, with the voltage and current both in a 50 or 60 -Hz sine wave) react to a load that attempts to draw current only for limited portions of the output sine wave? In answering this, consider your early studies in the relationships between current flow and magnetic fields, and then look up the term "eddy current".

5. Where else could harmonics go, if they are not to get to the generator (or come from, if the generator cannot supply the required ones)?

--JMM