Coal Fired Power Plant

Have plenty of coal on hand.

Have employees with adequate training and experience in the operation of a CFTPp.

Have the operator's manual close to hand.

Existing operators working at the CFPp can give those rules of thumb while operating the plant. Cups of tea and packets of biscuits, particularly Peek Freans' Custard Creams (usual disclaimer), can be used as 'lubrication'.

Isn't "Coal Fired Thermal Power plant" redundant?

What does the operators manual say about this?

Provide some of these:

and no-one gets hurt.

Show up on-time.

Keep the fire burning. Oh, and keep water in the drum.

The first rule of coal fired power plants is nobody talks about coal fired power plants.

Check for blood circulation, heart beat, breathing and if the sure name of the guy you operate on is really "Power Plant". Also check if all three names are allowed. Otherwise delete the "Thermal" on the patients record. Nobody in his clear mind would name his kid like that.

Thats from the General in person so dont delay any action!

Don't breathe the coal dust...

Learn the names and locations of all the equipment and what it does....

Learn all about coal, the types, the markets, the mining of, the problems with.....

Don't light match to look in coal bin....

You said previously 2 years ago you had 2 years of experience working in a power plant (in India?), did you learn anything there to help narrow down your rather broad question?

Have you tried Wikipedia?

Please tell me this is general interest and not your first day at your new job in a power plant.

_{Jack - Only half joking.}

Dear Mr. gaurav sharma,

Pl.read the Book BOILERS Question and Answers, by Mr. ELONKA. You can down load from www.zone4info.com and several books are available on different topics and different disciplines, covering all branches of Engineering, Accounting, Science, Maths, Physics etc.etc.

DHAYANANDHAN.S

General rules of Thumb

1. Primary Air : 15 % to 20 % of Total Air

2. Secondary Air : 80 % to 85 % of Total Air

3. Coal to PA air flow shall be in the range of 1.8 to 2.0 for better combustion and efficiency,

4. The total air flow shall be in the range of 1.15 times of steam flow.

5. 1 % boiler efficiency : 22 C FGET Change

6. 1 % Unburnt in Fly ash : 13 kCal/kWh

7. Gross Heat rate kCal/kWh = (Coal Consumption (T) * Coal Gross Calorific Value (kCal/KG)*1000)

/ (Generation (MU) * 1000)

8. Net Heat Rate kCal/kWh : Gross Heat rate (kCal/kWh) / (1-(APC %/100))

9. Excess air = 5 % Change for 1 % Change in Oxygen

10. 0.3175 KG of Coal per Kilowatt Hour

11. 0.003175 KG of Steam per Kilowatt Hour

12. Every 1% decrease in Reheater drop can improve THR and output by 0.1% & 0.3% respectively.

13. For every 2% increase in this pressure across lines drop, THR would be poorer by 0.09%.

14. For every 1% increase in make up 0.4% increase in THR & 0.2% reduction on output is there.

I am Looking for These Thumb Rules in power plant Operation and Performance Monitoring.

Please Share thumb rules similar to these

OK. Sounds like you have part of the operating philosophy discovered as far as design and approximation.

Now all you need to do is take this information along with all of the other scientific DATA and system operating directions and convert it into a common "real world" terminology that your operators understand.

There is not enough room to even begin to post everything you need to know about this subject but here are a few suggestions.

Develop a competent training program, disseminate the gathered information to all, and review it often with the management, operations, and maintenance personnel so that they do not forget any critical procedures.

Regularly test everyone to make sure all are staying up on the adopted philosophy.

Keep all equipment clean and in good working order by implementing a valid PM program.

Do not allow fugitive coal dust emmissions to contaminate the workplace and result in severe equipment damage and/or very catastrophic fires and/or explosions.

Make sure your maintenance group have all of the necessary, correct, high quality tooling and training to safely maintain the plant equipment.

Do not take any "short-cuts" when dealing with operations or maintanance procedures.

Do not operate equipment outside their engineered design limitations.

Adequately staff the plant with competent personnel to avoid fatigue and human failure.

When an undesired event occurs;

Investigate thoroughly and include the working class personnel in the investigation.

Listen to all of the conversation not just what you want to hear.

Once you have uncovered the "root cause" of the event remember to "forgive the mistake" and "terminate the uncaring and intentional rule breaking jerks."

This is but a few suggestions and you will discover many more once you start operating the plant.

My vote is that you seek out and hire competent, seasoned, qualified, experienced personnel in all of your key positions to help you learn and be successful.

Oh, so it was a quiz?

Goodness. Whatever next?

The thumb rules:

1: If you don't know how to operate a CFTPP, RUN!

2: If you do know how to operate a CFTPP, then you wouldn't be asking these questions.

3: For every operational mistake you make, there will be 20 consequances, the most likely one being you will have to trip the unit and start over.

Find someone who has had experience in the operation. Learn from them or dont.

#1 Rule of thumb;

Never, ever set your hot or cold beverage on the fuel delivery and combustion console.

Condensation from your beverage container or a direct spill will result in unpredictable fuel delivery to, and combustion in the boiler(s).

After #14↑, any CR4 reader can.

Dear Mr.PW Slack,

I can supplement to Post No 14, in a descriptive manner. If I give equations, with working data, it will be lengthy.

Coal Fired Power Plant Steam Generation

1. Maintain excess oxygen below 5%; below 8% for stokers. Reduce stack temperature to 330 Degrees F or 175 Deg.C for sulfur-bearing fuels.

2. Minimize combustibles in stack gas and ash.

3. Control oil tank temperature at minimum.

4. Use fuel flow/air flow control with oxygen trim.

5. Reduce de-aerator vent to <.1% water flow or<.5% steam flow.

6. Keep steam pressure and temperature at maximum if system has turbines.

7. Lower steam header pressure if there are no turbines.

8. Burn non-hazardous wastes in boilers or vaporizers.

9. Automate boiler blow-down.

10. Minimize use of stabilizing fuel if it is expensive.

11. Split range control of fans if they are variable speed.

12. Install blow-down heat exchanger.

13. Optimize load-sharing between boilers or vaporizers.

14. Check the flue gas ductwork for air in leakage.

15. Check boiler/vaporizer efficiency regularly.

16. Check turbine and condenser performance regularly.

17. Keep tube surfaces free from scale.

18. Install smaller turbine nozzles.

19. Optimize the soot blowing schedule.

20. Use the utilized cost method of determining the cost of coal.

21.Set discharge pressure at minimum on turbine boiler feed pumps.

22. Check feed water heaters for efficient heat transfer.

23. Use clean effluent water for ash sluicing

Steam Utilization

24. Eliminate or find a use for vented steam.

25. If turbine exhaust must be vented, vent it to the atmosphere.

26. Drive turbines with let-down steam to minimize the use of PRVs.

27. Ensure bypass valves around PRVs are not leaking.

28. Return all condensate to feed water system. 29.Stop steam leaks.

30.Isolate unused steam lines.

31.Establish an effective steam trap maintenance program.

32.Reduce failed traps to <5% of total.

33.Keep all steam and condensate lines properly insulated.

34.Adjust steam header pressures to maximize turbine work.

35.Install jet compressor to make low steam useful.

36.Shift users to lowest pressure header to maximize turbine work.

37. Close turbine hand valves or install pneumatic operators.

38. Recover waste heat wherever possible.

39. Optimize steam balance with the right combination of motors and turbines.

40. Install condensate flash tanks to recover low pressure steam.

41. Replace steam vacuum jets with mechanical vacuum pumps.

42. Be sure vacuum jets have the correct nozzle size.

43. Operate the minimum number of vacuum jets.

44. Be sure vacuum jets have the correct steam supply 45. Reduce pressure of heating steam during warmer weather.

Cooling Tower.

46. Correct defects to achieve design approach to wet bulb-temperature.

47. Run minimum number of pumps.

DAYANANDHAN.S