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Carbon Storage Stymied

Posted August 17, 2011 8:36 AM

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects are being canceled left and right. The latest victim is an American Electric Power (AEP) project in West Virginia. AEP ignored a $334 million federal grant underwriting half the cost, blaming changing legislation and unreliable government support. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations due in September will force power plants to capture two thirds of CO2 output. Most CCS projects survive by selling their output to enhanced oil recovery operations, so without a national CO2 pipeline network, prospects for widespread CCS are dim. Should the federal government jump-start a national network?

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#1

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/17/2011 1:33 PM

Nature has carbon capture and storage already figured and so far us humans have not came up anything as remotely effective, cheap, and reliable as good old fashioned photosynthesis.

Just let nature do what it does best and at the mind staggering volumes that it does it at for free.

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#2
In reply to #1

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/17/2011 2:28 PM

There has been some discussion of another method. I like your idea better, and so do others in the linked thread.

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#3

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/17/2011 5:17 PM

From what I have been able to find and view as plausible numbers the world as a whole is sitting on roughly 2.6 trillion tons of carbon based plant life which has a natural recycling rate of around 15 - 20% per year or roughly 390 - 520 billion tons.

We humans are estimated to be producing around 4.5 tons of CO2 per person which means that the roughly 7 billion of us produce around 32 billion tons of CO2 or around 6 - 8% of what nature already recycles with ZERO help from us.

Out of the 32 billion tons about 14%, roughly 4.5 billion tons, is already bio based in its origin leaving the roughly 27.5 billion tons to come from assumed fossil fuel sources.

To me that says that in the grand scheme of things we are bringing in roughly 27.5 billion additional tons per year into a system that is made up of around 390,000 - 520,000 billion tons annually.

Hmm, 27 billion tons added to a system that has an annual variance of around +- 130 billion of its own doing? Some how I once again seem to feel we are still falling through the cracks in the aggregate of natures own variables of its own systems.

Well at least statistically we may account for about 25% of what doesn't make a difference to the long term annual biomass variances of this planet!

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#16
In reply to #3

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/25/2011 2:13 PM

Well wait a second.That 28 billion tons per year has to go somewhere. It was taken from underground deposits and then put into the atmosphere. We're swimming in it.

28 billion tons per year x 20 years (assuming no increase, which is not realistic) adds up to 560 billion tons total in a system containing 390 to 520 billion tons. That's a significant increase!

Extrapolate for 100 years further fossil fuel use, and we will have added 2800 billion tons to a system of 390 to 520 billion tons. THAT is the path we're on. CO2 levels this century could rise from ~380 ppm (we were at 280 ppm 100 yrs ago) to 500 or 800 or over 1000 ppm quite easily as many other countries ramp up to our American CO2 emission levels and we increase as well.

The CO2 doesn't magically disappear. About 2/3 remains in the atmosphere. The rest is nicely absorbed by surface ocean water which already holds about 1500 billion tons. The deep ocean water that takes hundreds of years to turn over holds 38,000 billion tons, but it will take hundreds of years to absorb it.

What are the affects of increasing the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere and surface ocean water levels by 50% to 100% or more? I don't know. But it will cause change. And people don't like change. Are there more pressing emergencies? Probably. But the risk of very significant change exists, though no one knows the probability level of its occurrence.

Can we inject that much CO2 into the ground safely? Probably not since the number of sites are just too limited and the risks mentioned by others are very real. Right now, if we pumped all the CO2 from power plants around we would move 500% more liquid CO2 than we move oil in the USA today. That's insane.

So what's the practical answer to removing CO2 from the atmosphere? Don't emit it in the first place. I propose: 1. increased efficiency, 2. renewable energy, 3. nuclear energy, and 4. Bio-fuels from non-food sources for liquid fuels as required (airplanes, ships, cars) as the only long term solutions.

One way or another, in 100 to 200 years, these finite fossil fuels will be gone anyway. They will either have been consumed or outlawed. Just enjoy the ride while it lasts.

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#17
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Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/28/2011 4:52 PM

It would seem that as with most people worried about climate change you are overlooking natures two most effective carbon sequestering systems namely organic matter accumulation in surface soil layers and the huge amount of carbon that gets sequestered by carbonate formation in the oceans.

Surface soil sequestering is simply the accumulation of carbon based organic material that builds up in every location that plant life grows. In the most common place its that layer of black or dark colored topsoil that you find in your yards and fields. The larger high rate sequestering places would be the swamps and peat bogs that eventually accumulate the vast volumes that become future coal and similar carbon type fossil fuel formations.

In the oceans its the formation of the carbonate based shell material that eventually sinks to the bottom of the oceans that goes on to form what we see today as limestone and similar carbonate based rock formations which are in many places miles deep and covering millions of square miles of land just below the surface of where we live now.

The estimated carbon sequestering actions between the two primary land and ocean based systems is roughly 18 billion to 30+ billion tons per year as is and can easily be seen and identified if you just know where to look.

To me that says that the 28 billion tons we make each year is being taken care of already with out a single bit of doing by our own actions.

As far as human based carbon sequestering goes just look at asphalt based roads and parking lots, plastics and synthetic rubbers, garbage dumps and any petroleum or coal based man made product that we either bury or turn into something thats considered a long term stationary part of the human made landscape. We put a few billion more tons of carbon into sequestration every year just with road work and improvements and tossing our trash out and burying it!

So thats the basics of why the numbers based on our CO2 production don't add up properly in nature. Nature has a built in subtracting system already at work that has the capacity to more than compensate for what we are adding.

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#18
In reply to #17

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/28/2011 5:15 PM

If it were to turn out that per area, asphalt could sequester more carbon than forest--then the thing to do would be cut down trees and pave more area....

--Joni Mitchell

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#19
In reply to #16

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/31/2011 5:44 AM

CO2 is NOT a problem or, its a "problem"...looking...for a EU-taxing "solution!" You act like CO2 can't be separated, moved around. Drop the "C" from the CO2, and you have more O2, which will support more humans (--horrors...NOT!). Where do you GET the idea that oil is finite? Oil is a distillate of Methane, under very high pressure, in the abscence of an oxidant. OIL IS LIMITLESS, because its being formed as I type. There are billions of years of oil around. Many times, oil wells, having been dry for years suddenly (over months & years) fill-up. Oil is NOT a "fossil-fuel"! Carbons and Hydrogens can be manipulated, almost any way we desire. Need oil & have Methane? Pressurize the Methane, and oil distills from it, just as it does in Nature. Need gas and have coal? Water & coal & high-pressure will product hi-octane aviation gas, if needed. WWII would NOT have started, but for the 1926 New Jersey Standard Oil Patents given to the Wiemar Republic, that, under Hitler, became Nazi Germany. Those patents were a "recipe" to make hi-test aviation fuel from coal. From the mid-30s to the end of may, 1945, Germany was making over 50,000gals of aircraft fuel from coal. Free-ranging allied fighter-bombers kept that gas from getting to Luftwaffe airfields, where the Me 262s could shoot-down over 10% of our bomber force per raid. Most of them(262s) were strafed on the ground, landing/taking-off. Once they were in the air, we could only catch them if we were in a dive. At the losses we were taking when the 262s attacked, in 10 raids, the 8th air force would have ceased to exist, all our bombers would have been shot down. Need H2, can crack coal, oil, etc. The World is AWASH...with oil. In California, Greens hate oil, but don't mind it being pumped-up, so the natural seepage doesn't ruin the surfing. The USA has more reserves than all the middle east oil, but the Greens have locked it up. The USA could be an OPEC nation. Hemp seeds can be processed to glean the hydro-carbons in Jet fuel, so if we ever DID "run out", BIO-MASS... would allow hundreds of millions of cars, trucks, Jets, and motorcycles to have all the fuel they need. with all the supposed TONS of Co2, the air's getting cleaner, more breathible. One can park a ULEV Honda coupe on a California mountain-top. Start the engine, leaving it there, and the air coming out of the exhaust pipe will be cleaner than the air coming into the Honda's engine. Plants LOVE CO2! I envision enhanced "grow-rooms" where high levels of Co2 will produce great plants, flowers, edibles, & fuel.

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#20
In reply to #19

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

09/03/2011 10:47 AM

The biggest problem in these whole oil and coal is bad because they can make CO2 political issues is that the vast majority of people don't understand that concept that these two fossil fuel sources are just simply at this time the cheapest and easiest base stocks for hydro carbon molecules.

The big issue is that we will not in fact "run out" of hydrocarbons ever being that the very term hydrocarbon relates to the generalized term of molecules that are made up primarily of hydrogen and carbon which are in extreme abundance on this planet namely the 10.8% by volume of hydrogen that makes up our oceanic mass

(the H in H2O for the simpletons who don't know water is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen)

plus the 2.6 or so trillion tons more of hydrogen and carbon rich organic matter we call life that contains 100's of billions of tons of easily extracted carbon and hydrogen atoms which can be converted into the same hydrocarbon molecule chains which we currently extract from coal and oil sources.

So are we going to run out of CO2 forming Hydrocarbon base stocks? Nope never as long as this planet exists! We will just change to a different source when the oil and coal become cost prohibitive to harvest which means that in the end CO2 production will continue to go on as it is now.

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#4

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/17/2011 10:58 PM

Should the federal government jump-start a national network? Absolutley NO! I have yet to see any one come up with a viable way of capturing Co2 to store it, hide it away for some future release/storage. Dumb idea, all it is: Smoke and mirrors, and Cha-Ching$$ the tax payers once again funding stupid projects. Only Mother Earth can handle this issue to a point. When do we cross the line? Can we get a do over?

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#5

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/18/2011 12:37 AM

Dear Friends: The EPA had better watch its step, because it is likely to be DEFUNDED,if it tries to implement the STUPID, MORONIC, "capture" requirements, that industry experts say is DESIGNED to destroy the REST of the Energy sector of the US. The EPA has COST O'Bama 20-50K union votes(--easily, a victory margin in many states) by obstructing drilling and mining. O'Bama & Hillary, both attended a Bilderberger meeting, before his election, slipping his press entourage for the first & ONLY time since, so no reportage of their attendance would be reported to "embarrass" these presumed "LOGAN-offenders". In that meeting, O'Bama was reportedly TOLD to crash the US economy/dollar, and with his political "Idiot-ology" of taxing AND increasingly-regulating businesses, businesses continue to sit on BILLIONS of cash reserves, until they can figure out a way to avoid a doubling/tripling of the costs of doing business. Most businesses, are operating on a miniscle margin of 1.5-2.0% profit, and if they aren't garanteed that much, they know they're just throwing good money after bad,--that ALL will be lost if those minimum levels of profit can't be depended on. The costing of a business is also made MORE problematic with the addition of O'Bama-Care, because health-care costs would double-triple over current plans. CO2 sequestration is no longer necessary, because "climate change" is NOT anthropomorphic, as temperature levels on Earth have been warmer in the past in the ABSCENCE of: electric generation, cars, factories. The EPA is a "Terror-organ", imo, and if it doesn't "behave" it WILL be defunded/its budgets slashed,--its staffs sundered to the wind in other bureaus, IF...they're lucky. AEP is NO VICTIM, but is unwilling to assume other mandates that would tie them to a stupid concept, that if implemented, will NOT make a significant change in climate change. AEP is being a "responsible citizen in its community." Just because a sum of money is AVAILABLE, does NOT mean it should be used! We might as well engineer "screen-doors" in the pressure-hulls of deep-diving submarines! That way, with the pumps working full-on at all times, the subs could be easily located & sunk by the enemy, due to the cavitation-DIN trying to maintain water-tight integrity!

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#6
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Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/18/2011 1:43 AM

Is "O'Bama" some Irish dude from the State of Alabama?

I don't think you should be applying the words STUPID, MORONIC to other ideas and/or persons.

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#7
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Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/18/2011 2:06 AM

Carbon sequestration IS: a stupid, moronic,idea, BECAUSE: it doesn't DO what its ADVERTISED to do(--make a real difference). IT DOES allow governments to have more control over us, and THAT is its "hidden purpose". You imo, are PROFOUNDLY UN-sophisticated, re: "political ramifications...of scientific applications/psuedo-scientific applications", plus,imo, you may also be some sort of a Bully. You realize this, so shame on you:--for apparantly advocating Global Fascism?, --for getting your "dander-up"?, --for buying-into "control mechanisms" where forums like this will disappear, due to your presumed Knee-jerk advocacy of "political correctness"? I suggest you GET OVER IT (--labels, that is),imo, Mature..., or just go into your corner and have yourself a "good cry."

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#8
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Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/18/2011 2:13 AM

Read post 3 again! That's how it's done. Rude on your day off are we? Come on mate, pull your self together.

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#10
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Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/18/2011 2:41 AM

I DID like #3.

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#9
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Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/18/2011 2:27 AM

Boy, you sure know how to jump to unjustified conclusions.

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#11

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/18/2011 10:23 AM

OK. So it's captured. It's stored. "Sequestered", or something similar-sounding.

What happens next?

Unlike nuclear waste, CO2 doesn't have a half-life!

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#12
In reply to #11

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/18/2011 10:56 AM

Oh quit going and asking reasonable questions again. It just screws up the whole debate.

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#13
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Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/18/2011 12:58 PM

Its sort of like how basic math can completely ruin an otherwise highly profitable political scam/scheme.

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#15
In reply to #11

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/19/2011 5:09 AM

Mr Slack: Don't you wish to buy a horse to pull your car around, saving gas? Being from Britain where gas is already expensive, you're probably getting 40mpgal or better. A horse would be totally UN-NECESSARY! But if you HAD, a horse, the Bleeding govt. could charge you all sorts of additional fees, so they'd have another revenue-stream,--another source of money. That's the idea with Sequestration. Like a horse for your car, it isn't necessary--its merely a way to steal more Euros out of your pockets. Climate change is NOT proven, anthropomorphic (man caused),so WHY should YOU be taxed for schemes that "capture-carbon"? Schemes which won't CHANGE the atmosphere a bit, except if you are made to feel guilty over this new fraud, maybe giving-away more of your money will be a type of therapy. CO2 is no where NEAR as deliterious as nuclear waste--you don't have to "worry" about CO2, if we have more CO2, the third world will be able to grow more crops and feed themselves.

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#14

Re: Carbon Storage Stymied

08/18/2011 1:11 PM

Carbon dioxide storage underground ("sequestration") works in depleted reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) but that EOR experience can't be extrapolated to storage of utility-scale supercriticaltime to punt CO2 in deep saline formations, which are full of very salty brine (>100,000 ppm). It's .

Where would that ocean of underground brine go if it is pumped out to make room for CO2? Into the groundwater? Even its proponents claim that sealing formations would be permeable, so what's to stop the eventual eruption of a lethal CO2 plume like Lake Nyos? Two prominent petroleum engineering professors blew the whistle on sequestration, calling it "profoundly non-feasible." However, the dream of sequestration has been useful in getting corporate welfare for the oil companies by dressing up EOR as saving the planet.

Mineralizing CO2 won't work at utility scale because of the enormous quantities of NaOH required. Trees are working as hard as they can but are not enough. Planting more trees brings up the issue of how scarce fresh water is becoming, to water them, and the issue of land for food. Recycling carbon using the energy input of renewables and the spinning reserve looks like the only way.

The capture end is also in trouble. Post-combustion CO2 capture is not possible at utility scale due to problems associated with the known alternatives. Despite the confident assurance of climate zealots that "we have all the technologies we need" there is now growing recognition that chemical capture and underground storage is not feasible. AEP is just bowing to reality in cancelling its CCS project.

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