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Hurricanes are a commonly studied natural phenomenon.
Usually hurricanes only make the news when they are coming for land or are
particularly destructive, but there are researchers who study hurricanes daily
in an effort to better predict and
reduce the strength of the storms.

Hurricane Catarina
Image Credit:NASA
An aquarium in Florida is creating a giant hurricane
simulator.

This 6 x 20 meter tank is named SUSTAIN (short for
SUrge-STructure-Atmosphere Interaction) and when it's completed it will be able
to create category-5 level hurricanes inside of a lab, across a 3D field of
waves made of real sea water pumped at 1,000 gallons per minute. The tank is
located in a building at the University of Miami, which will also house a 14,000
horsepower fan and a wave generator. The fan
is able to produce 150 mph winds
while the wave generator uses 12 paddles to create waves at various sizes,
angles, and frequency. This allows the scientists to create calm, organized
swells, as well as sloppy, chaotic storms. The wave energy is dissipated into a
perforated, parabola-shaped beach at the end of the tank. The tank is made from
three-inch thick acrylic so researchers can observe the storm from all sides.
Image Credit:
Cambridge Seven
The goal of this project is to better forecast the intensity of
hurricanes, not just the storm's path. SUSTAIN is designed to accommodate remote
sensing cameras to mimic the perspective of weather satellites and those
measurements will be compared with lasers in the tank to fine-tune to ability
to measure storms and waves from afar. Another goal of this simulation tank is
to use the violent weather models created against manmade and natural
structures so architects and engineers can test how these storms affect the
shoreline and surrounding cities.
While SUSTAIN will help us better be able to predict the
fury of the storm, a lab in Washington called Intellectual Ventures published a
story about a technology that could reduce the strength of hurricanes overall.
Intellectual Ventures (IV) explains that global warming causes more energy to
be available in the ocean and the atmosphere to produce weather. Hurricanes
gain power from warm ocean waters irradiating the heat up into the storm. This
led the team of researchers at IV to develop a technology that would reduce the temperature of the
ocean surface. They called this the Salter Sink. It works by
cooling the sea surface along the corridor in the Atlantic Ocean by using a
large pump, powered by waves, that would push hot water from the surface down
to a level where it could mix with cold water. The warm layer doesn't need to
cool by much, 1-2 degrees Celsius would drain significant power from a
potential storm.

Image Credit:
Intellectual Ventures
Unfortunately, IV has only been able to develop the idea
and small scale prototypes since they are a small lab, and there are still
questions about the practicality and risks of the devices.
Preventing, or at least better predicting hurricanes could help save hundreds of lives and billions of dollars each year. This technology is moving ahead and hopefully we can see the effects in the near future.
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