As an engineer, I've never been scared of math. Dislike it at times? Yes. Use my calculator for easy equations? Definitely. But I've never been scared. For some people, math anxiety prompts a brain response similar to that of physical pain.
People with high math anxiety tend to avoid math-related situations and even math-related career paths due to their painful anxiety. Math anxiety can begin as early as first grade and research shows that female elementary school teachers often transmit their math anxiety to their female students.
The University of Chicago has released a report that studied brain scans and determined that the brain areas which active when highly math-anxious people prepare to do math, overlap with the same brain areas that register the threat of bodily harm. The small study, 28 adults, used an fMRI machine to observe the test subjects brain during a math activity. Fourteen of subjects were all predisposed to math anxiety, determined by their responses to a series of questions about math. Additional tests showed that these individuals weren't overly anxious in general.

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While in the fMRI, the test subjects were shown basic math equations as well as word problems. The type of problem was indicated by a colored circle. The scans showed that the higher the person's math anxiety, the more anticipation activated the posterior insula, an inner brain region associated with registering direct threats to the body and experiencing pain. There was no pain response when the people were actually doing the problems but scientists have seen neural pain responses caused by thinking about something, such as social rejection, in other studies as well.

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"This means that any observed relation between math anxiety and pain would likely be more dependent upon one's feelings and worries about math (i.e., their psychological interpretation or anticipation of the event) than something inherent in the math task itself." Professor Beilock, and Lyons, 2012 PhD graduate, write.
This study demonstrates that those students demonstrating math-anxiety need active help to become more comfortable with the subject, not just additional homework to improve math skills. Simply writing about math anxieties before a test can reduce a student's worries and lead to better performance.
Does math make you nervous?
Resource
Brain Scan Shows That Thinking About Math Is As Painful As A Hot Stove Burn, If You're Anxious
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