Pantaz kindly supplied me with a link to this story about the FTC catching up with Dennis Lee, who has long promoted HHO boosters (which he calls HAFC -- Hydro Assist Fuel Cell -- in an attempt to cash in on the term "fuel cell." His device is not a fuel cell, but rather an electrolyser, just like the many other electrolysers advertised to improve your fuel efficiency.) Many HHO scammers, some associated with Dennis Lee's companies and some with other companies, (and others who promote the use of HHO devices but are simply unaware of the chemistry and physics involved) have showed up at CR4 to promote the use of these devices. I have offered to test these devices with a real dynamometer and fuel flow measuring equipment, but no one has taken me up on the offer.
Any competent engineer can, in a minute or less, run through the energy balance and determine that the HHO device would need to be about 500% efficient just to break even, i.e., to avoid causing a small loss in fuel efficiency. There has never been a legitimate dyno test of an HHO-equipped vehicle that has indicated that they have any positive effect at all. Popular Mechanics ran a test not long ago that found just what a competent engineer would expect: no measurable difference in fuel consumption: these devices produce such a tiny amount of HHO (which has never been shown to have properties other than those of ordinary oxyhydrogen -- as used in oxyhydrogen torches, for example) that even the extra load on the alternator is so slight as to be unmeasurable outside a pure lab setting. (Engines are typically 100,000-150,000 watts, and the HHO device draws 100 - 150 watts, while producing perhaps 75-100 watts worth of HHO.) The loss in efficiency is just too small for a typical chassis dyno to measure. The Popular mechanics test was actually a little better than a typical dyno, because they measured actual fuel injector pulse width, in real world conditions in which they could do a succession of A/B, A/B, etc tests, with the unit switched on and off.)
Dennis Lee's company has been the largest promoter of HHO (and other schemes that would have to rely on "over-unity" processes to work, such as his perpetual motion motor generator set), so it is good to see them being shut down. However there are many other promoters making millions on the scam. One in Florida took in $1,000,000 in just two months after their product was promoted by the local TV station, WPTV, which claimed an improvement from 9.4 mpg to 22.3 by using the device. This Florida firm is just one very small company among many, so the problem is big.
It's good to see the FTC stepping in. We can hope that we will have fewer people scammed as this CR4 poster was. Unfortunately, we have CR4 members still promoting the concept, and claiming that the laws of thermodynamics are outdated. This is, of course, gibberish, with those laws having more and more certainty with time, not the reverse. There will never* be a time when the energy value of H2 or HHO (a simple stoichiometric mixture of H2 and O2, but which the Keelynet crowd claims has magic properties) is equal to the energy invested in breaking water apart. Pulsing, PWM, high voltage, low voltage, "milliamps of pressure" (whatever that is supposed to mean, with pressure being the analogy for voltage not current) etc. are all obfuscations. Even if such techniques increased efficiency to 99% (they never have come close) the overall process, as installed on an ICE will operate at a net loss, for the obvious reason that the engine is 25% efficient and the alternator is about 65% -- in rough terms you spend 5 gallons of fuel for each 1 gallon of energy equivalent you get back -- even granting unobtainable electrolysis efficiency.
Congrats FTC!
Why do I care about this stuff?
1. I hate to see pond scum winning and good people loosing.
2. Appreciation for science (and understanding of science) seems to be at an all time low (in my 58 years on this planet). Many of the answers to our woes lie in science, and it saddens me to see science trampled, and pseudoscience promoted.
3. It saddens me to see the discussions here turn abrasive and abusive, and the biggest offenders, by far, in this regard are the HHO promoters, who too often seem unable to refrain from generally foul language and ad hominem arguments. It's simple: show us the evidence.
* not one to use absolutes without qualification, perhaps I should clarify: the likelihood that you can get more energy value out of hydrogen than the energy required to to split water is about the same as the likelihood that the sun will rise in the west tomorrow.
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