Nautical Science

Geographical coordinates are azimuth and elevation in polar coordinates.

Are you asking how to convert from polar to rectangular coordinates? If so, where's your origin?

Yes, but there are hundreds of ways to do this depending on the map. If you are simply looking for global coordinates, then you must select the format you want. The most popular is WGS-84 (World Geodesic Survey in 1984, if memory serves).

You can also do three dimensions with altitude above the geoid. I would suggest looking for some professional white papers on the subject.

You should also look at the projection used for the map.

The best advice is to look for a GIS crowd (for example ESRI)

I did a MSDOS converting program 15years ago and could accommodate most of the projections (Albers, Lambert ..... ) but it was based on Clack 1888. I did not convert it to WGS84 yet.

I think this webpage is what you are after. http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/UsefulData/UTMFormulas.HTM

it convert Log & Lat into UTM system, and there is one downloadable spreadsheet to do all the jobs for you. Hope it is useful to you.

Zhou

Tuir,

Thank you for the website link. It is helpful. I might come to you if I feel threatened in my study.

Thanks.