All eyes are on Haiti
after a tumultuous, 7.0-magnitude earthquake destroyed much of the capital
city of Port-au-Prince
this week. Although the world has seen similar disasters in the last decade, experience
does little to lessen the pain of such an event. Unfortunately, reports are
beginning to indicate that the extent of the damage in Haiti could have been less had proper
engineering measures been in place.
A Warning Unheeded
Last month, a study by the Organization of American States
(OAS) concluded that the conditions of most buildings in Haiti were unlikely to survive any natural
disasters - even a 2.0-magnitude earthquake. Specifically, the OAS warned about
structures built on sloped land and without satisfactory foundations, buildings
made with improper building techniques, and structures built with insufficient
amounts of necessary building materials such as steel.
The Price of Poverty
One of the largest factors behind the poor building
conditions is Haiti's
overwhelming poverty. In developing countries, there is little money to be
spent on building and construction. In these places, construction standards and
building codes also tend to be more lax than in larger, developed nations.
In fact, Haiti
(and much of the Caribbean, really) lacks a
national set of building codes. Some construction companies voluntarily work
with an existing code, such as the French or Canadian standards or the
International Building Code, but compliance is not enforced.
This lack of building standards was also cited as a
reason for the loss of lives, goods, and land in Eastern
Haiti during 2004. Since then, the OAS has warned that building
codes in Haiti
need to be a priority. As Cletus Springer, director of the Department of
Sustainable Development at OAS explained, "So now we need to work with the
Haitian authorities to develop a building code that is suited to Haiti and its
peculiar conditions… (but) because of the poverty levels, not everybody's going
to be able to build to the exacting standards that a building code would
require."
How You Can Help
This morning, reports estimated that over 3 million Haitians
have been affected by the earthquake thus far. More information on the tragedy
continues to come to light as the dust literally settles. For those CR4ers who
would like to help Haiti,
there are numerous ways to be involved. Below are a few ways to contribute financially:
The Disasters Emergency Committee in the UK is taking donations for Haiti via phone, website, or post. Click
here for more information.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is also
taking donations on their website.
The American Red Cross is also allowing users to donate
by texting "Haiti"
(90999); each text represents a $10 donation that will be charged to your
cellphone bill.
Help Haiti Now is
a non-profit organization that aims to "provide food, water, medical supplies,
housing assistance, and financial assistance to families, schools and
churches."
What's Next for Haiti?
There will probably be many more ways to be involved, too, even
if you cannot contribute financially. Keeping Haiti in your thoughts, and
understanding the factors behind such a disaster, helps also. As engineers,
what measures or actions would you like to see go into the reconstruction of Haiti?
Resources:
http://www.oas.org/dsd/Nat-Dis-Proj/HBSD/Background.htm
http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/13/haiti.construction/index.html
http://www.slate.com/id/2241439/
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