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From ExtremeTech:
The cold fusion dream lives
on: NASA is developing cheap, clean, low-energy nuclear reaction (LENR)
technology that could eventually see cars, planes, and homes powered by
small, safe nuclear reactors.
When we think of nuclear power,
there are usually just two options: fission and fusion. Fission, which
creates huge amounts of heat by splitting larger atoms into smaller
atoms, is what currently powers every nuclear reactor on Earth. Fusion
is the opposite, creating vast amounts of energy by fusing atoms of
hydrogen together, but we're still many years away from large-scale,
commercial fusion reactors. (See: 500MW from half a gram of hydrogen: The hunt for fusion power heats up.)
LENR is absolutely nothing like
either fission or fusion. Where fission and fusion are underpinned by
strong nuclear force, LENR harnesses power from weak nuclear force - but
capturing this energy is difficult. So far, NASA's best effort involves
a nickel lattice and hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ions are sucked into
the nickel lattice, and then the lattice is oscillated at a very high
frequency (between 5 and 30 terahertz). This oscillation excites the
nickel's electrons, which are forced into the hydrogen ions (protons),
forming slow-moving neutrons. The nickel immediately absorbs these
neutrons, making it unstable. To regain its stability, the nickel strips
a neutron of its electron so that it becomes a proton - a reaction that
turns the nickel into copper and creates a lot of energy in the
process.
Read the whole article
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