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Fifty years ago, the theory of global warming was proposed for the first time. In 1957, Roger Revelle and Hans Suess co-authored a paper which suggested that the Earth's oceans would absorb excess carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by human activities at a much slower rate than previously predicted by geoscientists. Revelle and Suess posited that this excess carbon dioxide might create a "greenhouse effect" that would cause an increase in global temperature.
Although other articles published in the journal Tellus discussed carbon dioxide levels, the Suess-Revelle paper was "the only one of the three to stress the growing quantity of CO2 contributed by our burning of fossil fuel, and to call attention to the fact that it might cause global warming over time." In other words, Roger Revelle and Hans Suess were the first scientists to attribute potentially rising temperatures to human activities.

This graph shows the monthly atmosphereic carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Revelle and Suess deduced that the rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was caused by human activity and would lead to a greenhouse effect, thus warming the earth.
Revelle and Suess described a "buffer factor", now known as the "Revelle factor", which is resistance by the surface layer of the ocean to absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide. In order for carbon dioxide gas to enter the ocean, the CO2 has to partition itself into carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion, carbonic acid and sodium bicarbonate (among other ionic compounds). The product of these many chemical-dissociation constants helps to produce a kind of back-pressure that limits how fast the carbon dioxide can enter the surface layer of the ocean. The Revelle factor's use of geology, geochemistry and oceanic science amounted to one of the earliest examples of "integrated assessment", a discipline which - 50 years later - has become an entire branch of global warming science.
In 1965, Roger Revelle brought global warming to the attention of the American public as a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee Panel on Environmental Pollution. Under Revelle's leadership, the committee published the first authoritative U.S. government report in which carbon dioxide from fossil fuels was recognized officially as a potential global problem.
Today, global warming is one of the most controversial scientific and political topics. Our understanding of the science behind the "greenhouse effect" owes much to Roger Revelle, Hans Seuss, and their seminal paper.
Resources:
http://www.aip.org/history/climate/Revelle.htm
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Revelle/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Revelle
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