Will a weak magnetic field allow harmful radiation to impact Earth, leaving a footprint the size of human civilization? Magnetic reversals refer to the process where the Magnetic North and South poles flip, causing the flux of magnetic waves to propagate in the opposite direction. Several theories are used to explain this phenomenon, but let's look at the implications of such an event.
Earth's magnetic field acts like a force field which blocks harmful radiation from reaching the planet's surface. The magnetic field weakens as viscous flow around the spinning solid core becomes irregular and eventually flows in the opposite direction. A highly irregular magnetic field is experienced until uniform flow is restored and the dipole is recreated. For a short time, Earth could have even more than one North Magnetic Pole and South Magnetic Pole.
The onset of this process is a weakening of the magnetic field, which some scientists suspect we are already experiencing. The reversal process itself is expected to occur over a thousand-year period. During this time, the magnetic field becomes irregular and the dipole may even temporarily disappear - leaving us susceptible to intense cosmic radiation for a prolonged time span.
Losing this protective magnetic envelope could cause Earth's atmosphere to expand and thin, causing altitude sickness even at sea level. Darwin's theory of natural selection may come into play as cosmic radiation increases and a weak magnetic field disorients various species. Along with increased evolution and extinction rates, several studies also attempt to correlate abnormal paleoclimate records with known pole reversals. Will the increase in cosmic radiation cause significant global warming, and will the human race as we know it survive this phenomenon?
Resources:
http://www.geomag.bgs.ac.uk/reversals.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic_reversal
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/magnetic/reversals.html
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=why-does-the-earths-magne&page=2
http://www.pureenergysystems.com/news/2005/02/27/6900064_Magnet_Pole_Shift/
http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1999-09/936296567.Ev.r.html
http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/IAGA2005/00193/IAGA2005-A-00193.pdf
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