Me too, please. Perhaps you have a booklet on the calorific values of these items, or know where I can purchase one. Or you might suggest to me a well-researched Googled website on the subject.

The briquets thing probably depends on the manufacturer, so you can leave that one out. I'll have to find some manufacturers and ask them. Come to think of it, I can check most of the library and bookstore bookshelves from my computer, so you can leave out the booklet, unless you'd really like to send me one. Oh, what the heck, I guess I can try to Google the information myself. Forget the whole thing.

But I'll be watching to see what answers ducon gets, so I don't have to work on those myself or go to the lab to test them... a tedious and time-consuming (and potentially costly) task.

Mark

Handyman,

I found out that Agro waste when Briquetted is 3500 - 4500 Kcal/Kg Calorific Value.

The above was more important but still, no harm if you know the calarific value of some/all agro waste. New Knowledge never goes to waste.

Being the Chief Consultant of one of the biggest Textile Mill with 3-4 MW power & 20 Tph Steam and over 6,000,000 Metres/month of Dyeing & Printing, just this month the Gas Company cut off Gas to the Steam Boilers & Stenters/drier operating on Thermo oil. Last week they totally cut off Gas due to shortage & the this/over 2000 others were shut down for 4 days.

I prepared an Article & sent them " To do away with Gas & Electricity".

I am sending you for your interest and for other readers together with calculation on cost steam. (This is why the calorific value of Briquette was important to me).

The calculation is open for any correction.

BIO-MASS FUEL BRIQUETTES : AGRO WASTE SOLID FUEL

Fuel Briquettes made from Forest & Agro Waste: Groundnut-shell, Sugarcane Biogases Caster Shells/Stalk, Saw dust, Coffee Husk, Paddy Straw, Wheat Straw, Sunflower Stalk, Cotton Stalks, Tobacco waste, Mustard Stalk, Jute waste, Bamboo Dust, Tea waste, , Palm husk, Soybeans husk, Coir Pitch Barks/Straws, Rice Husks, Forestry wastes Wood Chips and many other Agro wastes.

Briquette Size.32mm.40mm.50mm.60mm.70mm.90mm

This is Pollution Free and High Calorific Value . It is Low Ash after burning and NO Toxic Fuel Gases due to absence of Sulfur.

Calorific Value Of 3500 To 4500 K .Cal/Kg.

Biomass Briquetting is the process of converting low bulk density biomass into high density and energy concentrated fuel briquettes. Biomass Briquetting plant are of various sizes which converts biomass into solid fuels. Briquettes are ready substitute of Coal/wood in industrial boiler and brick kiln for thermal application.

Biomass Briquetting is the process of converting low bulk density biomass into high density and energy concentrated fuel briquettes. Biomass Briquetting plant are of various sizes which converts biomass into solid fuels. Briquettes are ready substitute of Coal/wood in industrial boiler and brick kiln for thermal application. Biomass briquettes are Non conventional Source of energy, Renewable in nature, Eco friendly, non polluting and economical. Process of converting biomass to solid fuel is also non polluting. It has not required to add any binder / chemicals so it is 100 % natural .

Every year millions of tons of agricultural waste are generated. These are either non used or burnt inefficiently in their loose form causing air pollution. Handling and transportation of these materials is difficult due to their low bulk density. These wastes can provide a renewable source of energy by converting into high-density fuel briquettes without addition of any binder.

Briquettes have high specific density (1200 Kg/m3) and bulk density (800 Kg/m3) compared to 60 to 180 Kg/m3 of loose biomass. These can stand the ardors of long distance transport. Loading/unloading and transportation costs are much less and storage requirement is drastically reduced. Compared to fire wood or loose biomass, briquettes give much higher boiler efficiency because of low moisture and higher density.

Briquettes produced from briquetting of biomass are fairly good substitute for coal, lignite, firewood and offer numerous advantages:

::

Briquettes are cheaper than coal.

::

Oil, coal or lignite, once used, cannot be replaced.

::

High sulfur content of oil and coal, when burnt, pollutes the environment.

::

There is no sulfur in Briquettes.

::

Biomass briquettes have a higher practical thermal value and much lower ash content (2-10% as compared to 20-40% in coal).

::

There is no fly ash when burning briquettes.

::

Briquettes have consistent quality, have high burning efficiency, and are ideally sized for complete combustion.

::

Combustion is more uniform compared to coal and boiler response to changes in steam requirements is faster due to higher quantity of volatile matter in briquettes.

::

Briquettes are usually produced near the consumption centers and supplies do not depend on erratic transport from long distances.

Briquettes/White Coal/Bio Coal are made from agricultural and forest waste residues, which can be effectively used to replace coal and firewood by conversion of agricultural and forest waste into solid cylindrical form, by applying heavy mechanical pressure known as Briquetting. Due to existence of solid form lignin in the agro waste which acts as a natural binder there is no need to add chemicals or any other foreign substance to the process. Therefore, it came to be known as Binderless Technology. Briquettes, are easy to store, pack and hygienic to handle.

There is a worldwide acceptance of briquettes/white coal and growing demand for the briquetting plants. Most advanced countries today are adapting the concepts of preserving and also retaining their natural resources. Energy is the key factor in economic development in most countries today. As the world adjusts itself, to the new millennium and the increasing demand for fuel and energy, governments and concerned agencies worldwide are also encouraging other developing countries to make use of this theory. Since most of them lack knowledge and technology but have an abundant supply of agro waste; introduction of the briquetting industry would be a potentially profitable project. Adoption of briquetting technology will not only create a safe and hygienic way of disposing the waste, but turn it into a cash rich venture by converting waste into energy and also contributing towards a better environment.

THE BIO-MASS / AGRO FORESTRY WASTE

Every year millions of tons of agricultural waste are generated. These are either non used or burnt inefficiently in their loose form causing air pollution. Handling and transportation of these materials is difficult due to their low bulk density. These wastes can provide a renewable source of energy by converting into high-density fuel briquettes without addition of any binder.

Among the non-conventional sources of energy, the use of the energy potential in agricultural wastes shows good promise. India produces nearly 350 million tones of agricultural waste every year.

Any types of Agro- Forestry waste will be used as a R.M. for Briquetting

Specifications of applicable Raw Material.

:: Size

: Small up to 25 mm, if Bigger size cuter required

:: Moisture

: Below 12% if higher Dryer required

Major agro wastes available in India & Other Countries

:: Groundnut shell

:: Sugarcane Baggasse

:: Custer Shell

:: Saw dust and wood pieces

:: Cotton Stalk & other stalks

:: Bamboo Dust

:: Coffee Husk

:: Forestry waste

:: Coconut dust

:: Rice Husk

:: Paddy Straw

:: Mustard Stalks

:: Wheat Straw

:: Sunflower Stalks

:: Jute Waste

:: Soya bean Husk

DUCON

Energy Management Systems

B-66/I, "Q" Street, Phase : VII, Defence Housing Authority. Karachi 75500

Ph : 021 5852738 Mobile : 0300 2353390 E-mail : duconems@yahoo.com

Cost per 1 lb/ 1 Kg/ 1 T of Steam Produced by : Agro Waste

Steam at 100 psi = 1188 BTU Enthalpy : Steam at 150 psi = 1195 BTU Enthalpy

& 90C Feed Water = -162 BTU Enthalpy : & 90C Feed Water = -162 BTU Enthalpy

________________________________________________________________________

Net Value = 1026 BTU Enthalpy Net Value = 1033 BTU Enthalpy

Efficiency(Agro) 70% = 1026/.70 = 1465 BTU/lb 1033/.70 = 1475BTU/lb

Agro Waste Cost = Varying Rs. 1000.00 - Rs. 2000.00/T= Rs.1.00/kg thru 2.00/kg

1 kg Agro Waste =3500 Kcal/kg to 4500 Kcal/Kg @ Rs.1.00/kg to Rs. 2.00/kg

1 Kcal/kg = 3.968 Btu . 3500 Kcal = 13889.12 Btu . Rounded 13000 Btu

Cost Steam at operating pressure of 100 psi/ 7 bar or 150 psi/10 bar @ 70% Efficiency:

(1) At 100 psi = 1465 x 1.00 / 13000 = Rs.0.112/lb Steam or Rs.0.25/kg Steam = Rs.250/T

(1) At 150 psi = 1475 x 1.00 / 13000 = Rs.0.113/lb Steam or Rs. 0.25/kg Steam = Rs.250/T

(2) At 100 psi = 1465 x 1.50 / 13000 = Rs.0.17/lb Steam or Rs.0.37/kg Steam = Rs.370/T

(2) At 150 psi = 1475 x 1.50 / 13000 = Rs.0.17/lb Steam or Rs. 0.37/kg Steam = Rs.370/T

(3) At 100 psi = 1465 x 1.80 / 13000 = Rs.0.20/lb Steam or Rs.0.45/kg Steam = Rs.450/T

(3) At 150 psi = 1475 x 1.80 / 13000 = Rs.0.20/lb Steam or Rs. 0.45/kg Steam = Rs.450/T

(4) At 100 psi = 1465 x 2.00 / 13000 = Rs.0.23/lb Steam or Rs.0.50/kg Steam = Rs.500/T

(4) At 150 psi = 1475 x 2.00 / 13000 = Rs.0.23/lb Steam or Rs. 0.50/kg Steam = Rs.500/T

Saving Agro Waste Vs Gas : (1) (2) (3) (4)

Present Cost Steam on Gas = Rs. 750/T Rs. 750/T Rs. 750/T Rs. 750/T

Cost Steam with Agro Waste = Rs. 250/T Rs. 370/T Rs. 450/T Rs. 500/T

Saving on Agro Waste Fuel = Rs. 500/T Rs. 380/T Rs. 300/T Rs. 250/T

Percentage Saving Vs Gas = 66.7% 50.7% 40.0% 33.3%

Realistic Calculation on average Steam utilization of 12 Tph x 720h/m = 8640 T/m:

Boiler on Gas 12 Tph x Rs. 750/T = Rs.9000/hr x 720 hr/m = Rs.64,80,000/m

Boiler on Agro waste 12 Tph x Rs. 550/T = Rs.6600/hr x 720 hr/m = Rs.47,52,000/m

Saving on Agro Waste on same 8640 T Steam /month = Rs 17,28,000/m (26.7%)

(Investment on 15.0 Tph Solid Fuel Boiler & Brequetting Plant of Rs. 2.0 Crore

PAYS OFF within 12 months)

DUCON

Energy Management Systems

B-66/I, "Q" Street, Phase : VII, Defence Housing Authority. Karachi 75500

Ph : 021 5852738 Mobile : 0300 2353390 E-mail : duconems@yahoo.com

Advantages: Agro Waste Brequette Firing Burners/ Boilers

Agro waste always available you run out of one you opt for 100s other.

Pollution Free

High Calorific Value 3500 Kcal/kg – 4500 Kcal/kg

Low Ash after burning

NO Toxic Fuel Gases

No Sulfur

Cheaper than Coal

No fly Ash

Higher quantity of volatile matter

Boilers not dependable on Gas/Furnace Oil/Diesel

Saving 33% to 66% compared to Gas Firing Burners/Boiler

Saving 50% to 75% compared to Furnace Oil Firing Burners/Boilers

Saving is nevertheless 25% to 66% depending on Rates of following Agro waste purchased:

Groundnut-shell, Sugarcane Biogases Caster Shells/Stalk, Saw dust, Coffee Husk, Paddy Straw, Wheat Straw, Sunflower Stalk, Cotton Stalks, Tobacco waste, Mustard Stalk, Jute waste, Bamboo Dust, Tea waste, , Palm husk, Soybeans husk, Coir Pitch Barks/Straws, Rice Husks, Forestry wastes Wood Chips and many other Agro wastes.

Followings Needed :

Local Markets need to be studied to verify availability of each above agro waste & Rates/T.

India to be visted for the Brequetting plant of 1500 Kg/hr Capacity.

NOTE : All these type of Plants require storage area which, is not a problem for you.

Come 2 years this will be a booming Market.

If (Big If) I get the Consultancy, I'll visit particularly India (since very advance in agro Waste) for the Plants/Boilers.

Ducon,

Some random thoughts on waste material heating values

1 Ave Heating value of wood bark is 870 BTU/lb.

2 sugar cane bagasse has around 3600 to 4200 BTU/lb at 50% moisture. (1976 Babcock and Wilcox "Steam, Its Generation and Use")

3. Dulong's equation to estimate HHV of fuels

HHV = 14600C + 62000(H₂ - O₂/8) + 4050 S,

Where HHV is higher heating value in BTU/lb, C is carbon in 1lb of fuel, H2 is hydrogen in 1 lb of fuel, O2 is oxygen, S is sulfur in 1 lb of fuel.

Remember, this is cheap advise. Use it for what it is worthg!

Good luck and keep us posted on progress.

Ried

Ried Buddy Thank you very much. Honestly about wood bark I never knew.

Good luck and keep us posted on progress.

Would you believe, yesterday I send the following circular out to somee 500 Plants and received 3 calls. One very very big Textile wanting immediate meeting.

Thanks for wishing me luck with so much competetion you have to become inovotive.

This is what I sent:

TO: Proprietors, Chairman, CEO, Managing Directors

Subject: Do Away with Gas & Electricity

All of you are very well aware of shortage of both Gas & Electricity.

Do you expect this to IMPROVE ?

Just to bring to your notice that from 10th of last December 07 in Punjab they started shutting off Gas to Generators & Turbines. Just last week January 08, they shut off complete Gas. Hundreds of Textile Processing Plants shut down 4-6 days completely with "NO GAS". Winter has just started and Complete Shut downs due to increase.

Imagine, apart from rates of Gas increase 30%-33% annually and subsequent increase in Electricity rates, the "NO GAS" is unheard of- yet, TRUE.

Are you aware that within the next couple of years there will really be NO GAS

available in Pakistan. Already the Oil prices have gone up to US $100/barrel from

recent $78/barrel just a couple of weeks back.

Every winter when the Gas Company simply shuts off the Gas or when you run out of Gas do you expect to operate on Diesel/ Furnace Oil all your Steam Boilers, Gas Generators, Thermo Oil Boilers, Gas Stenters?....Wapda/KESC supply …???

Have you really thought about how you want to operate your Plant this year or next year ...and operate profitably? How long do you think you can last like this?

Do Away with Gas & Electricity – Think of bio mass/ solid fuel or Agro Waste Fuel conversion to operate your Boilers SAVING you 12 % thru 56% per month compared to Gas utilization. (If you opt for a solid-fuel fired power boiler you can also generate electricity).It is complete new Investment but with a viability of payback within 12 - 24 months. To detail you How to do away with Gas & Electricity, please send an e-mail with :

Complete Contact name, address, telephone & cell nos.

Present Capacity Steam Boiler & Nos.

Present Steam Cost/Ton

Present Power Capacity/ Generation & Cost/KW.

Power Generation with Gas/Diesel Generators/ Turbines & Nos.

Think it over please, please before it is TOO LATE!

Thanks & Best Regards,

Muhammad N. Duja

Consultant Energy Conservation

DUCON

Energy Management Systems

B-66/I "Q" Street, Phase:VII, DHA, Karachi-75500

Tel: 021 5852738 Cell: 0300 2353390

E-mail: duconems@yahoo.com

Disclaimer:
This e-mail message and information contained in or attached to this message is privileged, confidential, and protected from disclosure and is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed. Any review, re-transmission, dissemination, printing or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you receive this message in error, please immediately inform the sender by reply e-mail and delete the message and any attachments. Please note that e-mails are susceptible to change. DUCON Energy Management Systems shall not be liable for the improper or incomplete transmission of the information contained in this communication nor for any delay in its receipt or damage to your system. DUCON Energy Management Systems does not guarantee that the integrity of this communication has been maintained or that this communication is free of viruses, interceptions or interference.

Hi ducon!

If you are able to determine the sulphur content in the briquettes' emissions, there may also be a great air pollution abatement device that can transform the emissions produced by the consumed fuel to a near-zero pollution level. Would you like a phone number to find out about the Sparc~Air Emissions Control Device for Industry? employing it would make your energy source green at both ends.

Mark

There is no sulfur in Briquettes. Read #3. Its totally green fuel.

Would you like a phone number to find out about the Sparc~Air Emissions Control Device for Industry? Please do. No harm. thanks.

Hey! You're the new Guru in town! Haven't you noticed? Congrats!

Now, if it isn't briquettes, what are you going to do about the utilities losses and the textile mill?

Mark

Now, if it isn't briquettes, what are you going to do about the utilities losses and the textile mill?

Other than briquettes/ reusable fuel and Co-generation this is what I can do in any processing mill(textile & allied, paper, tannery, pharmaceutical, chemical, food & confectionery etc... etc.) to save up to 65% per month of fuel:

Boiler House:20% Fuel saving possibilities

Boiler Combustion Analysis & Tuning, Burner selection & replacement, Replacing old 15-20 years boilers with new boilers, blown down recovery, automatic blowdown system, replacing on/off with modulating level control, wet steam carry over, deaerator at feed tanks, economizers at chimney, combustion air preheating, pressure drop problems with back pressure regulators or steam accumulators.

Power House & Electrical: 15% fuel saving possibilities

Waste Heat Recovery boilers at Gas Generators & Turbines, Utilizing Gernerators jacket water for utility.

Missing Inverters on Machines, moisture control system & controlling blowers in textile drying machines.

Utility Systems:30% fuel saving possibilities

Eliminating problems in Steam Systems of: undersized/oversized pipelines, radiation losses from bare surfaces/valves/pipes, leakages, Wet steam & carry over, water hammering & water logging, air binding, wrong & undersized steam traps, wrong & undersized Pressure reducing valves, collective drainage system of trapping, condensate return with power pumps, Steam Trap leakage testing & auditing etc.

Eliminating problems in compressed air system of : undersized / oversized mains, leakages, moisture in compressed air, pressure reduction stations to save power on compressors, compressed air leakage test & auditing.

Additional Fuel Saving possibilities:

Waste Heat:

Recovery heat from waste water drain of machines, thermocompression, Reverse Osmosis plant for textiles & food processing, flash steam recovery from traps & utilization for low pressure application.

Co-generation:

Eliminating maximum steam load of Steam Boilers with& balancing system with Waste Heat Recovery Steam Boilers + hot water from Waste heat recovery from machine drain + (if) Caustic Recovery then utilizing the hotwater too.

This is what I do & doing last 22 years.

Mark dear you are just moments away from becoming a guru too.

I see you live in Toronto. Am Canadian too. I live in 45, Horne Drive, Brampton L6V 2V2 (24 KM from Toronto downtown. You need to take Hwy 410 from Hwy 401 or 407). Presently in Karachi/Pakistan. Dangerous place nowadays but blooming energy projects. I keep shunting between Karachi-Toronto-New York like a tourist. I hope to be in Toronto this April. E-mail me your tel.no & address at duconems@yahoo.com. If you 've time I can drive down whenever there and we can sit at the nearest Tim Hortens. I miss this the most! Nothing like Tim Hortens.

Whenever I come to Toronto (to see my eldest & youngest sons) I then drive down to New York (to see my middle son) & back again to fly down to Karachi.

C'mon ducon!

Are you telling me that with all the amazing and delightful South Asian buffets and the Mandarin's head office 'star location' with an entire wall of swimming reef fish (not to mention their hammerhead, white tip and tiger shark babies), their aviary, and their rock waterfall rooms, all you miss is the hundred or so Timmy's in downtown T.O.???

Timmy's coffee is great, granted. Better by far than Starbucks, Second Cup, Timothy's etc. etc. But give me---are you ready for this---coffee from the 7/11 store if you really want me to bliss out over a cuppa.

Watch out in Pakistan. A small but dangerous fanatical minority are not good people. They'd just as soon happily kill you for coming from a "have" country as look at you because they consider themselves to be "have-nots", and can't stand that you live in a democracy whose comfort comes from religious tolerance and equality instead of something horrid and ghastly and opposite they conceive to be righteous because they can't imagine what you live in and the benefits that lifestyle provides. They only believe what they're told by liars about their own culture and haven't the self-direction faculty, worldliness, or experience of other lifestyles to investigate the worth of that message on their own.

Fortunately, the majority of Pakistanis are liberally educated and remember the fortitude, tolerance and gentleness that brought them their country in the first place. The problem is you can't sometimes tell which is a normal person and which is a fanatic. So watch your back and stay in the right company.

You may find me at 416-530-0000. When you do, remind me of this series of conversations.

All the best,

Mark

"...They only believe what they're told by liars about their own culture and haven't the self-direction faculty, worldliness, or experience of other lifestyles to investigate the worth of that message on their own."

Concur, and hope any/all who must or choose to venture there stay low, move slow, and return safe. However, we must not fail to put ourselves in their place to the extent we can mentally, and realize that peasants living at the subsistence level have been manipulated by others so long as we've had villages (and maybe longer).

Sure, they've been manipulated by wrong-doers - so what else is new? Can't blame the manipulated masses...

Hi, EnviroMan!

And I concur with you, too. To some extent, we are all manipulated masses.

I believe that the opportunity for economic independence leads eventually to the masses being able to rise to the 'better' levels of manipulation. Hence the plan to install my generating stations in struggling (but democratic) countries at initially no cost to them.

Mark

Woo-hoo for you! I LIKE the way you think...

A gold star for the day, too!

Aw, Gorsh (rubbing one's toe in the sand shyly)....

Nobody ever gave me a gold star before! Xcept maybe my mom!

http://ecofriendlypower.wetpaint.com/

Mark

Just one more thing you'll never be able to say again...

Here is a task for education: religion and fanatics go hand in hand when education is missing. You can tell the analfabetic masses what you want, they simply can't verify it.

Highly educated people also don't like going to war,... or why do you think that republicans reduced the education level under Reagan and Bush.

Hi, Gwen!

True, and where does alphabetic edya-ma-cation come from? From societies that have the income, liesure time and facilities to spend on those kinds of luxuries.

Send money overseas, and somebody smart and dishonest will bank it in Geneva. Send an installed generating station, and those same people will tax the downtrodden while they alone try to use it, so it can't be sent to anyone who will misuse the opportunity it presents . And there are additional safeguards agains misuse/abuse that can be built in.

The general widespread use of the stations will enable the entrepreneurial to start providing jobs/income/security, in addition to what community leaders can provide in the way of better housing/food resources/education/creature comforts/government infrastructure.

Mark

"And there are additional safeguards agains misuse/abuse that can be built in."

OK, I'm sure you've thought this through quite carefully. The first picture that comes to my mind is a self-destruct mechanism that stops the gen set in it's tracks whenever someone of evil intent tries to operate it. I'd approve, but darned if I see how you'd get that to work. So I presume you've something more pragmatic set up...

And hopefully a multilingual instruction manual the analphabetic masses can cope with. Pictograms, maybe?

But with pictograms you need to know whether they reed from left to right or the inverse.

Start to learn people read and write, next thing they need is mathematics.

But here the same problem pops up: the smart girls and boys are invited to the west/north to be properly educated and oops: the girls can't return as local religion prohibits the education of women and the boys find out that life is much easier up here, so they also stay.

Result is a double minus: no education in the undereducated world and a brain drain.

The way to solve misery is through basic education: go for the masses and enable local initiative, give the local women the power over the money. Don't spend a million on a factory but spend thousand times thousand bucks for what they think they can make a living with.

Precisely again.

The EMILY concept (Early Money Is Like Yeast). Micro-loans to the women of a village who in most cases do the productive work and tend the families anyway. As little as $100US can create a small business, and I understand 99+% of those loans are paid back with interest. Almost too logical to work...

Whaaaaaaatt??? Meeeee??? Self-Destruct mechanisms????? Never!!!!

(How about remote. That would take care of the language probelm. And the captain and first mate wouldn't have to give their codes, Jordy!)

-Some Other Guy

ROFLMAO!!!

Ayeaye, Cap'n!

Concisely, precisely.

"Our fundamentalists can whip your fundamentalists!"

Feh!