I have often wondered about this too, as when you look at the temp/pressure rating tables, the values listed bear no obvious relationship to the rating on the flange.
I really hope someone can clear this up for both of us!
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If you're referring to pipe line flange ratings, it refers to the maximum working pressure. For example if you were designing a compressed air pipeline to operate at 100 psig, you would probably select 150 lb flanges, fittings, etc. This might be an over simplification for some, but, you get the idea and can go from here. Check with the manufacturer for ratings at elevated temperatures, etc.
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I'm somewhere between the age of thirty-something and Alzheimer's. I just can't remember where!
The classes 150#, 300#, ... etc. are just considered as a categorization or family name for each group of flanges. The calling up is first created by ANSI under ANSI B16.5 and ANSI B16.47, and starting from 1998 the publications issued under ASME B16.5 (for flanges NPS 1/2" up to NPS 24") and ASME B16.47 (for flanges NPS 26" and larger) for determining what we called Pressure-Temperature Ratings.
Note.150#≡Class 150 ≡ Rating 150, all three names are correct, but don't mean that the flange will withstand a pressure of 150 lb/in2 (pound per inch square). The tabulated pressure in which the flange will resist is located from ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47 which depends on type of flange Material and Design Temperature.
To calculate the max. design pressure of any flange with a such rating, 1st you have to select the flange material and 2nd you have to select the design temperature. Please refer to the following site, it is very nice : ASME B16.5 Flanges
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It is better to be defeated on principles, than to win on lies!
The desription "pound" is actually a misnomer - the correct description is "class 150" or "class 300". The class of a flange refers to the temperature/pressure ratings that the flange can safely handle - each flange class has a chart that gives the allowable pressures at various temperature, the chart can be obtained from suppliers. To state that a 150 class flange can handle 100 pounds of pressure can be dangerous without referring the specific temperature/pressure chart.
I'm glad you asked the question because at the beginning of my career someone told me what it meant and I've carried that incorrect answer along with me since then without really thinking about. You can tell I don't have to do mechanical design. Here is a link that will provide some history.
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