ASME

Fluid

· Electric power generation plant (external to boiler) Pr>15 psig for steam and hot water piping > 160 psig and > 120 degree Celsius

· Geothermal plant

· District heating and cooling plant

· Steam, water, oil, gas, air piping for the above but not limited to this.

· Refinery, chemical and process plants, textile mills, pharmaceutical plants cryogenic plants etc.

Raw material, intermediate products and final products of the above plants including services viz. steam, water, gas etc.

Categorization of fluid

Allowable for occasional load

· 1.2 when duration< 1 hr at a time and < 80 hrs /year

· 1.15 duration < 8 hrs and < 800 hrs/year

D: non toxic, single exposure does not produce irreversible harm to human tissues ( Pr. < 150 psig, temp. -30 to 185 degree Celsius

M: Toxic, single exposure in small quantity can cause irreversible harm to human tissues.

High pressure fluid: when rating of std. component > #2500 lb rating at given temperature and pressure

Normal fluid: water, air etc.

· 1.33 when duration< 10 hrs occurrence < 100 hrs/yr

· 1.2 duration < 50hrs occurrence < 500 hrs/yr