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Rare earth elements (REE) are used in more than industrial
ceramics. Mobile phones, plasma televisions, and rechargeable batteries for
hybrid vehicles also use rare earth metals (REM), as this group of 16 elements
is sometimes known. As the U.S. Geological Survey explains, REE applications
number in the "many hundreds". In the case of color cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and
liquid crystal displays (LCDs), "no substitute is known".
Years ago, the United States was able to meet most of its
own REE needs. By the year 2000, however, U.S. industry imported 90% of its
rare earth elements from China. Since then, the Chinese government has curbed
REE exports as demand continues to grow. Applications such as magnetic
refrigeration, a possible alternative to gas-compression refrigeration, may
hang in the balance.
"We know there are
local concentrations of REE on the moon," explains Carle Pieters, a planetary scientist
from Brown University and investigator for NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper. But "neither potential mining methods nor the
economics of this particular approach have been studied", counters Leslie
Gertch of the Rock Mechanics and Explosives Research Center at the Missouri University of Science and Technology.
Should U.S. industry begin to reach for the sky?
Sources: Ceramic Tech Today and USGS
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