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Battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs) pose significant challenges to both automotive designers and electronics engineers alike. "There's a lot of power involved in an electric vehicle," explains Erik Soule, vice president of Linear Technology's signal conditioning products business, "and bad things can happen if you don't manage it properly." While most car buyers focus on factors such as EV cost and range, Soule and the electronics engineers who work for Linear think about high voltages and noise immunity. "It's a problem when inverters switch at 20 kHz because they radiate EMI with a large number of harmonics," Soule notes.
The lithium-ion batteries that are used in electric vehicles are a matter of special concern. The heat that Li-ion batteries generate when discharged can increase discharge current, with thermal runaway or catastrophic failure as potential consequences. EV battery management systems must monitor cell voltage and temperature, ensuring overall safety along with maximum range, long battery life, and optimal vehicle performance. Although battery manufacturing has improved since the days when Li-ion batteries caused fires in notebook computers, it's essential to monitor overvoltage peaks against high-temperature conditions.
While consumers worry about $4-per-gallon gasoline if not the size of their carbon footprint, electronics engineers must also focus on thermal hysteresis and long-term drift. "Remember, Erik Soule advises, "the electronics in an electronic vehicle may be on 24/7 for 15 years". Are carmakers up for the challenge?
Source: newelectronics
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