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Biomedical Engineering

The Biomedical Engineering blog is the place for conversation and discussion about topics related to engineering principles of the medical field. Here, you'll find everything from discussions about emerging medical technologies to advances in medical research. The blog's owner, Chelsey H, is a graduate of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) with a degree in Biomedical Engineering.

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How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

Posted November 30, 2011 2:56 PM by Chelsey H

I'll give you a clue…..the answer isn't to eat some candy.

We've all done it, around 3PM we walk in a zombie like trance to the vending machine, buy a candy bar and hope that it wakes us up so we can get through the rest of the day. It has long been thought that a sugar rush could fight off afternoon drowsiness, but a new study shows that protein has better slump fighting potential.

The Science

The network of stimulants in the brain called hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin (orx/hcrt) is responsible for regulating energy balance, wakefulness, reward-seeking, and autonomic function in the brain. They are defined as peptide transmitters that, in mammalian brains, are produced exclusively by a small group of Orexin cells located in the lateral hypothalamic area. Orx/hcrt cells are found in the hypothalamus as well as in a variety of brain regions associated with the regulation of forebrain neuronal and behavioral activity states. An absence or loss has shown to produce narcolepsy and weight gain.

Human energy levels change when meals composed of macronutrient mixtures are consumed simultaneously or in a sequence. The nutritional composition of meals, e.g. protein: carbohydrate ratio, has long been recognized to affect the levels of arousal and attention in humans and animals. Our health depends on the detection of these changes in body energy levels by neural circuits coordinating appropriate adaptive responses.

The Discovery

A group of scientist from the University of Cambridge published a study in the November 17th issue of the journal Neuron which found a remedy for the mid-afternoon droop. Protein-not sugar- is what activates the orx/hcrt cells that make people alert and burn calories. "Electrical impulses emitted by orexin cells stimulate wakefulness and tell the body to burn calories. We wondered whether dietary nutrients alter those impulses."

Protein rich foods. Image Credit: webmd.com

Previous studies have found that glucose can lower the activity of orx/hcrt cells (and was cited as a reason for after meal sleepiness) but the effects of other nutrients were unclear. The scientist highlighted the orexin cells with genetically targeted fluorescence in mouse brains and compared the effects of different macronutrients on Orexin. They found that amino acids, found in proteins, stimulate the orexin cells more than others while glucose lowers their activity. Amino acids also worked by preventing/negating the effect of glucose from blocking the activity of the orexin cells, which may identify why protein- rich meals can make people feel less calm and more alert than carbohydrate heavy meals.

If You're Getting Sleepy….

VS.

The study has implications for understanding obesity and sleep disorders since shift sleep, health, and body weight are all intertwined. "To combat obesity and insomnia in today's society, we need more information on how diet affects sleep and appetite cells. For now, research suggests that if you have a choice between jam on toast, or egg whites on toast, go for the latter," Burdakov said.

So even now as I sit at my desk this afternoon with my eyes straining to stay open, I look at the empty cupcake wrapper next to my keyboard and wish that I grabbed a protein bar instead.

Resources

Protein not sugar stimulates cells keeping us thin and awake, new study suggests.

Fight afternoon slump with protein, not sugar rush: study

Mahesh M. Karnani, John Apergis-Schoute, Antoine Adamantidis, Lise T. Jensen, Luis de Lecea, Lars Fugger, Denis Burdakov. Activation of Central Orexin/Hypocretin Neurons by Dietary Amino Acids. Neuron, 2011; 72 (4): 616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.08.027

Hypocretin/orexin, sleep and narcolepsy

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#1

Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

11/30/2011 10:31 PM

why not take a luch break ? half hour nap would help a lot , also , go to sleep earlier at night let's say before 11pm .

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#2
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Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

11/30/2011 11:00 PM

If you SIT AND WORK 8 Hrs FROM MY DESIGNED BAMBOO WonderChair

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#4
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Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/01/2011 1:41 AM

Your proposal is very close to nature design of human body. Give half an hour nap and wash your face before going to work.

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#3

Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/01/2011 12:57 AM

A teatime quickie might (or might not) work.

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#5
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Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/01/2011 5:10 AM

I'm going to guess you're not of the female persuation.

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Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/01/2011 9:04 AM

Whyever not?

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#6

Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/01/2011 6:00 AM

My previous employer had a cafeteria that served carb & fat LOADED steam-table breakfasts and lunches. I called the meals "carb-bombs". The 3pm zombie symptoms were common and almost overwhelming. I found the best solution to be a brisk walk around the building (if allowed). Not eating the carb-bombs in the first place was the best solution. A sugar fix worked for about 10 minutes, then the zombie symptoms returned with a vengeance. A dose of caffeine helped a little, but that was due to a painful case of heartburn.

This cafeteria also made/served coffee from machines that were rarely cleaned. I suspect that when they were cleaned, an unhealthy dose of the cleaning agent was left behind to be rinsed by the first few batches of coffee. I found that many coworkers shared similar heartburn symptoms after drinking this coffee.

With smart meal choices (proper content AND portions) I haven't experienced the 3pm zombie effect for a few years. Since I now only drink coffee that I prepare myself, I also haven't needed to purchase the family size drum of extra strength Tums ;-)

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#7

Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/01/2011 8:38 AM

Oh, great. Orexin derives its name from the Greek word orexi ... which means 'hunger'.

In other words, stay hungry to stay awake. Orexin is the brain's way of ordering the body to "Wake UP and find/eat something NOW!"

Great way to get fat if one succumbs to the id's commands; or to get awake (and skinny) by overriding it by superego. Hunger-Freudian combination to stay awake; and anxious all afternoon. Nice!

DZ

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#9

Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/01/2011 9:44 AM

Thanks Chelsey for an interesting post ...

The results are not surprising.

I was diagnosed as type II diabetic about 17 years ago, and since then the roller coaster ride of controlling sugar has been ... well ... interesting.

I can positively attest to, high blood sugar = lethargy and sleep. Despite being diabetic, I am a normal guy, and when everyone else is having pie or ice cream, I DO indulge, albeit at a much smaller portion. The results? Thirty minutes to an hour later, I am struggling to stay away. Every time. If I check my blood sugar at that time, it is always high. Carbs can do the same, however, for me carbs are not as difficult to manage as raw sugars. (some interesting things I won't bore you with here regarding diabetes, but said simply, all diabetics suffer differently, and the disease changes always ... what is okay for one, is not necessarily okay for another ... what was okay last year, may not be okay this year).

Yes, protein is the key. I have never been much of a 'health-minded' person, however in seeking what I can have for meals and snacks, I have definitely noticed the difference when I have a 'protein drink' to start the day. I don't get hungry at the wrong times, and there is definitely more energy.

Again, good post ...

Kind regards ...

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Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/01/2011 11:52 AM

DCad,

Yes. I, too, have been Type II diabetic for about 20 years now. I commiserate with your struggles. My understanding is that this slump is under the direction of the circadian rhythm that most bodies on the planet respond to -- or seem to regulate according to. That is a very interesting subject, too. (Starters here and here.)

The research is interesting but I think casual observation by anyone leads to knowing that protein is a better type of food if you're trying to stay awake. In other words, a lot of people instinctively know this without the research. And there has been the somewhat common discussion about L-tryptophan and Turkey.

Being Type II you really should become more health minded. Have you investigated vanadium, in relation to diabetes for instance? There are other possible aids, as well. But diet is primary. The palate is strong and the will many times weak. We all know that struggle.

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#12
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Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/02/2011 10:44 AM

Hi AP1,

Thanks for your comments and suggestions. I especially will look into the Vanadium topic. I hadn't been aware of that.

Regarding being more health-minded, I am sorry if I mislead you. I am very concerned and mindful of my overall health. I get blood work done 4 times a year, and thorough eye exams twice a year. I have been aware of too many who, by their denial of this disease, died an early and miserable death, literally losing body parts, eyesight, and kidney function. My A1C has been regularly between 6 and 7, so I can't complain too much. I check my BG frequently, and track the trends. When I see a trend going in a wrong direction, I begin checking BG 4 times a day, and I know it is time to re-evaluate what I am eating or drinking, find the culprit, and make changes. (case in point ... for several years, I enjoyed pasta carbonara, but a couple of years ago that began to affect my BG, so I took that off the list. this scenario has repeated several times in the past, discovering that something that was 'okay' for me, suddenly became 'not okay'). Also, as I said in my former post, I have discovered that no two of 'us' seem to be alike. I have one friend who was diagnosed about the same time as I, and was immediately put on insulin. I have another friend, who struggles greatly with keeping balance, and now takes 3 or 4 meds plus insulin just to stay close to on-track.

For me, and from what I see most often in others I know, (1) diabetes is the easiest disease to deny -- no or few symptoms until there is real trouble; (2) diabetes is hugely misunderstood by the medical profession at large -- you would be amazed at what I was told to do when I was first diagnosed; (3) diabetes is a systemic disease that can and does affect all part of the body; (4) 'miracle cures' abound, but there is nothing like diet and exercise to combat the disease -- fortunately, with nutritional labeling, this is one of the easiest control; and (5) the ADA is a wealth of information, but it, too, changes frequently as more discoveries are made -- for instance, type II is no longer referred to as "non-insulin dependent", and now insulin is frequently prescribed to combat the disease. And, now I have one more bit of research to do, thanks to you.

For me, diabetes is not a struggle, but simply a choice day by day to do my best to balance and keep educated.

Kind regards ...

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Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/02/2011 12:34 PM

Excellent! Sounds like you are probably doing better than me at controlling the beast. I am not in denial so much as more apathetic than one should be. I have used insulin off and on over the years, but much preferred to make efforts to not need it. I never took the medications. My doctor, at the time of my diagnosis, (1992) was an advocate of preventive medicine long before it was in vogue. When he first said he thought I would need insulin I couldn't stand the thought that I would need to "inject" myself daily and I begged for using medications rather than the insulin. He shook his head and said, "No. There is a higher incidence of heart disease associated with the oral medications." I have a friend who is diabetic and I think he is on one of the "older" medications that my doctor was concerned about. Maybe there are newer medications, but my friend is not on one that I know of. Diabetes is a very insidious disease... not than any disease is preferable.

I would not be surprised at all by what you were told to do when first diagnosed. I hate to generalize, but the medical profession is narrow-minded more often than it should be regarding treatment protocols. I don't think it is malicious, but as one example, ulcers were just accepted as being caused by excess acid for many years until it was shown that a bacteria was responsible for many cases. "Accepted" wisdom is natural in all fields of knowledge. It is a conscious reaction to the degree that when it is challenged, too often, the dissenting view or opinion is dismissed as absurd or even rubbish, just "because." In addition, I don't think the ADA has accepted the validity of the Glycemic Index yet. But it certainly appeals to common sense (and food marketers!).

From the reading I've done (and it is still lacking -- I've had a couple of books about out of the library for 2-3 months without reading them -- a good demonstration of my apathy). Vanadium is helpful, but, apparently, mostly with fasting BG levels. And even then, only around a 20% reduction. There is also some conflicting evidence -- at least from some earlier research. I've been taking it, but apparently in doses too small to have a real effect (from one online commentary by an MD). I don't know of any real miracle cures. You are correct. Diet and exercise are the best 1-2 punch in controlling BG. And even further, making a larger percentage of one's diet "raw" in the vegetable category, and limiting or eliminating processed foods is likely a smart choice.

As you say, the disease is a, relatively, silent killer, in that it is easy to deny it. And it does progress if not addressed. It may even progress despite one's best efforts. The C-peptide test to help indicate how much insulin your pancreas is producing is expensive, but helpful, too. I haven't had one for several years now. As you are well aware, Type II is commonly called "insulin resistant" diabetes, where it isn't a lack of insulin in the body but the fact that cells become "deaf" to receiving glucose via the normal process.

And I really agree with you about the individuality of disease in general. While our systems generally work the same, from person to person, the devil is in the details. One person may need much more of one nutrient, for instance, than another person does. While many would scoff at such a statement, the example of your friend's non-response to what works for some is proof of that perspective. All these variables are probably traceable to DNA expression. But I hesitate to expect that that is where the ultimate solution lies in curing disease. Most bodily processes are homeostatic and are also interrelated. Try to stabilize one system out of control and you may likely affect another one that is linked in some way we don't even understand. In short, there is no cure for death on the horizon. At best we can only hope to minimize discomfort.

Best of luck in the future of keeping your health under control!

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#11

Re: How To Fight Afternoon Fatigue

12/01/2011 2:51 PM

I have found fighting it to be a pointless waste of what little energy I have left. I usually find a nice safe machine to hide out in on or under until I have had my little nap. After that I am good to go again!

I would rather get paid to sleep for a half hour and then be productive for the remaining 3 - 5 hours of the day opposed to being barely awake and nearly useless for that same time period.

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