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Let's
face it reader,
you probably push the speed limit of your local jurisdiction. It's estimated
that two-thirds of drivers at least occasionally speed, and the Insurance
Institute for Highway Safety believes that speeders are more often males below
age 30. Guilty.
Totally deserves every ticket he gets!...via Vincent Abry
But speed limits seem arbitrary here in North America,
especially when you have examples like the Bundesautobahn in Germany with no
speed limit and an exemplary safety record. And speed limits seem just plain
annoying after your first dozen speed tickets. Amirite?
...via Autos AOL
How do governments establish speed limits? Where are the
fastest roads? And can North America support a pseudo-autobahn? Crank the driving tunes, get
out the road maps, and tailgate HUSH in a quick look at speed maximums.
World Speed Limits
The first person convicted of speeding was Walter Arnold of
East Peckham, Kent, U.K., in 1896. Arnold had powered his 'light locomotive'
(i.e. car) to a blistering 8 mph, 6 mph faster than the legal limit. The
arresting officer gave chase by bicycle, and Arnold was penalized one shilling.
In general, speed limits have increased as automobile
engineering and road construction has improved. In 1977, Canada switched their
signs to read "MAXIMUM XX," registering the numerals in km/h. The highest
speeds in Canada reach 110 km/h (68 mph), though authorities in British
Columbia are considering 120 km/h (75 mph). China's regulations are similar.
...via Wikimedia
In the United States, speed limits are presented in mph, and
are established by state governments. Until 1999, several rural highways in
Montana had speed limits posted as "reasonable and prudent." This essentially
meant drivers were expected to be responsible, but the vague nature resulted in
an established state speed limit of 75 mph. The highest speed limit belongs to
Utah and portions of Texas, where the posted limit is 80 mph. The U.K. is the
only other country in the world using the Imperial system for speed, and they
enforce a 70 mph limit.
While the German autobahn is often cited as having no
maximum speed, only one-quarter or less of the roadways are actually limitless.
Most of the autobahn is regulated by variable speed limits and LED signs, with 120 km/h the
most popular. This offers the German system flexibility to deal with traffic
and weather issues. Indeed, the German system is also rather strict, with
constraints on tire inflation, eating and drinking, and lane occupancy.
Autobahn signage...via Wikimedia
The fastest established speed limit belongs to Abu Dhabi,
UAE, where it is 140 km/h (87 mph)--actually a 2011 reduction from the previous
limit of 160 km/h (99 mph). Poland also retains a 140 km/h limit.
Enforcing Speed Limits
Many governments establish speed limits based upon the speed
that 85% of vehicles are traveling at or below in free-flowing traffic
conditions. Traffic engineers also take into account the surrounding
environment, design, crash experiences, and pedestrians. This system isn't
perfect however, because a new 85th percentile will be established
when a new limit is posted.
Certain jurisdictions also have tolerances for speeding. In
the USA, tolerances are often up to the arresting officer, while the U.K. has a
legal tolerance of 10% of the legal limit plus 2 mph. A study covering drivers
in Canada and the USA discovered that most drivers caught speeding when over 15 mph the posted limit.
Germany has a strict tolerance of 3 or 4 km/h in favor of the driver.
Seeing a marked police car on the side of the road is no
longer the most common way method to get caught speeding. Photo enforcement
typically involves some type of smart camera or machine vision that calculates
the driver's speed between points. These unattended cameras can be placed covertly,
or legislation may require their announced presence. French authorities are
known to calculate the average speed between two tolls, and assess violations
if the speed is over the legal limit.
...via Free Republic
Furthermore, many jurisdictions enforce new editions of the
"prudent law" that requires drivers to slow down at night or in unfavorable
weather. Heavy trucks may face additional speed restrictions.
Can there be a North American Autobahn?
While the idea of a North American super-speed highway is
awesome (hello, Ferrari), it's
impossible to replicate. German motorists are more rigorously trained and the
German vehicles face additional inspection measures to ensure their safety.
That 1992 Honda rust bucket would outlawed in Deutschland.
Texas continues to push the limits of…um, speed limits, by
passing an 85 mph statute for portions of the Texas State Highway in 2012. It
is the second-fastest legal limit in the world. That same year, Italy passed
legislation allowing 150 km/h (93 mph) speeds on highways, but has not found a
road with the requirements to safely do so. And these are the Italians with all
their super cars and leather!
One of the most critical factors to overcome for a
super-speed highway would be the revenue generated by traffic violations.
Municipalities would stand to lose considerable income from decreased
violations. Insurance companies stand to profit from traffic violation
surcharges as well.
Between our substandard training, road safety
issues, and a huge loss of income for cities and towns, it is safe to say an
autobahn will not be appearing on North American anytime soon.
Resources
Gulf News - Revised speed limits in Abu Dhabi to stay
Wikipedia - Speed limit; Speed limits by country
Red Orbit - Study: Most drivers disobey speed limits
How Stuff Works - How the Autobahn Works
IIHS - Q & A: Speed and speed limits
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