In security gate, metal detector is used to check if a person carrying weapon or some objectionable material. How much this metal detector harms human?
They are certainly less harmless than switching them off. After all, who would want an offensive weapon to pass through them <rhetorical question>?
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(likely effect on the pateints with transplant - avoid it)
However for general persons - i feel we have too much of concern for everything without thinking as I walk in factory what are the em radiations leaking from so many machines doing to me or the gamm rays and the x rays in my fabrication areas - as i get exposed to the minute doses over years what is my chances of survival to be 150 or atleast 100
What about all those cosmic radiations getting through the ozone hole ?
(remember - poison neutralises poison so may be all these em radiations are mutating my deformed genes back and that includes the smoke that you see in the screen - missed it ? look carefully)
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For the most part, they are harmless. Typically metal detectors are simply searching for a return signal on the electro-magnetic field it is generating. Some will also measure phase shifting to determine the type of metal being detected. It is done at very low frequencies, less than 1KHz.
That being said, however, some tests have been done on EAS (anti-shoplifting) systems to determine their safety as well. And while RF technology based systems (3-9 MHz), and Acousto Magnetic (58 KHz) are shown to be harmless, Electro Magnetic (200 - 800 Hz) can cause certain harmful interferences. Namely, for people with pacemakers installed. For some reason, pulsed, or otherwise transmitted signals in this range can interfere with the work of a pacemaker. Some people have even reported feeling faint while standing next to an EM EAS system because their PM missed beats. I can't recall the organization that conducted the tests, but their final opinion was that all are relatively safe as people do not normally stand in the field for very long. Simply passing through the field has shown no ill effects.
I don't know specifically what frequency range metal detectors operate in, but I would assume the same safety measure would apply. Don't lay down and take a nap in one if you use a pacemaker. Otherwise, they are just EM and RF fields like those generated by everything around us.
While going through Frankfurt Airport security within a year of 911 my pacemaker was detected by the wand and my medical card was not getting it with the security guy who didn't speak English. Tempers were flaring and I was close to punching the jerk until a supervisor intervened and I was eventually allowed to proceed.
So to answer your question, metal detectors have the potential to cause harm.
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Goodness has nothing to do with it.
To your average humanoid primate, magnetic fields as high as 3 and 4 Tesla are harmless. That is the level some research MRI machines achieve. Your average medical MRI operates at about 1 Tesla and the operators are exposed to that for hours upon hours a day. Now pacemakers and such can malfunction or be damaged, and implants like bone screws and such can cause problems, but to a healthy non-modified human, magnetic fields thousands of times stronger than an airport magnetometer can generate are perfectly harmless.
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I have a major paved jogging / biking trail behind my house, I have been toying with the idea of getting a metal detector and scanning for jewelry that falls off of the trail users. I've found 3 pieces just by looking down as I walk, I'll bet there is plenty more in the grass on either side.
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