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Engineering Fields - Mechanical Engineering - New Member Engineering Fields - Marine Engineering - New Member Engineering Fields - Aerospace Engineering - Aeromarine Vehicle Engineer

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Why Full Scale Helicopters are not using Electric Motor Tail Rotor Unit?

06/06/2009 11:52 AM

I have notice that ships and submarines are employing integrated electric propulsion systems thus eliminating the need for drive shafts and provide additional electrical power when not at full speed. This made me wonder about its applicability to helicopter's tail rotor.

After searching the internet, I could only find radio controlled and UAV helicopters using electric motor tail rotor. It seems to me that electric motor tail rotor would require generator attached to the tail rotor output shaft from the Main Gearbox and a motor at the tail rotor with interconnecting power cables. Thus eliminating the following:

Ø Tail rotor drive shafting , shaft couplings; associate bearing supports, and hangers

Ø Intermediate gearbox

Ø Tail Rotor Gearbox

My initial qualitative assessment would indicate the following benefits:

Ø Greater Design Flexibility

Ø Lower Mechanical Power Transmission weight and subsequent weight reduction to tailboom and fuselage

Ø Fewer parts

Ø Easier Assembly and Maintenance and therefore lower life cycle cost

Ø In military applications less vulnerable to ground rifle fire

Ø Tail rotor speed can be varied continuously instead of stepwise based on gear ratio

Ø Backup electrical power source

Would like other's knowledge, experience, and comments on this subject

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#99
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Re: Why Full Scale Helicopters are not using Electric Motor Tail Rotor Unit?

08/24/2010 5:18 AM

Hi Andy,

BTW, I like your 'new' debugging legend below your posts! How true is that, very true in the common sense way of things, eh?

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Guru
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#102

Re: Why Full Scale Helicopters are not using Electric Motor Tail Rotor Unit?

11/03/2016 2:28 AM

Just been re reading this thread.

One poster mentioned that an electric tail rotor would probably be 400Hz. From memory this frequency removes the necessity for iron core to the motor which would dramatically reduce the weight for a given power. The higher rpm would need a reduction gearbox, adding weight.

Voltage/frequency control would enable rotor thrust variation to be by speed control rather than pitch, again reducing weight and simplifying mechanical design. There may be some lag in response compared to pitch variation which could make flying more difficult but probably no worse than the turbine lag that pilots have learned to deal with.

Thrust would increase roughly linearly with rpm.

Efficiency of generator probably about the same as the rotor motor - say 88% and a gearbox of about 98% giving total efficiency of around 76% which should be comparable to a shaft drive with it's flexible couplings, universal joints, bearings, gearboxes etc.

A homopolar motor would probably be even lighter but would need a higher ratio gearbox.

Seems the mechanical and electrical would be comparable in weight and the electrical perhaps lighter, but the mechanical weight is distributed from above the cockpit to the tail while the electrical would be entirely in the tail - a definite disadvantage.

The safety aspect of the mechanical being linked to the main rotor during auto rotation is important but in an electric system the tail rotor could be driven by the APU. The overload of the APU wouldn't matter as it only needs to operate for a very short time. Normally the electric rotor would be driven by the main motor generator.

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