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"Life tastes good" for those who drink Coca-Cola, but the
soda company "can't beat the feeling" of making a completely renewable plastic
bottle in order to "make it real" for consumers to "enjoy".
Slogans aside, my favorite soda (pop, soda-pop, soft drink,
carbonated beverage, pick your poison) company, (whose beverages are seen left - Image Credit: Coca-Cola) means business with their new
initiative to make their containers more environmentally friendly. In an effort
to cost-effectively produce a bottle made from 100% renewable products, the
business has formed partnerships with three small firms, namely Gevo, Virent,
and Avantium.
Current Composition
of the Bottle
Beverage bottles are mainly formed from polyethylene
terephthalate (PET), which is created via a reaction between ethylene glycol
(EG) and purified terephthalic acid (PTA). In addition to petrochemical based
materials, EG can be sourced from sugar and molasses. Coke's current renewable
bottle, coined the PlantBottle, is made from biobased EG, making it 30%
renewable. But deriving PTA from nature has been much more difficult.
A Task for Each
Partner
The ultimate goal of Coca-Cola in this endeavor is to find
cheaper bottle materials for mass production. With over a 100 billion plastic bottles
produced each year, small differences could mean big savings. Each of Coke's
partners is currently taking a different approach in commercializing bottle
production from new materials.
Virent's process begins with water-soluble carbohydrates
such as sugar or industrial starches. The end result is an aromatic stream that
can be processed to yield up to 50% p-xylene, the precursor to PTA.

Gevo's yeast-based fermentation process converts
cornstarch-derived sugar into isobutyl alcohol. After a number of steps, the
alcohol yields a stream of aromatics containing more than 90% p-xylene. This
technology, Gevo says, can be added to existing ethanol plants at minimal
capital costs. The picture right) shows Gevo scientists hard at work (Image Credit: Gevo).
Avantium is instead looking to introduce a new polymer into
the supply chain. The process uses catalytic reactions to create furan
dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which reacts with ethylene glycol to make
polyethylene furanoate (PEF). PEF, Avantium says, could be a major improvement
on PET.

Looking Forward
While the three companies are each looking for different
solutions to the same problem, they don't consider themselves competitors. The
market for PET is so large that no single company could possibly saturate the
need if a full replacement for petrochemical production is found.
Business ventures like this are encouraging; not merely
because they are environmental pushes, but because they are derived from
economic incentives. Industry should be investing in the improvement and
development of processes and products. I expect that many cost-cutting
solutions (like this one) will go hand in hand with environmental and
sustainable progress.
And you know what they say… when it comes to materials, you "can't
beat the real thing".
Sources:
C&EN
(ACS) - Coke Plays Spin the Bottle
Coca-Cola
Slogans
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