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Roger Boisjoly was best known for warning Morton Thiokol, his employer, and NASA against the dangers of a part on the space shuttle Challenger. Morton Thiokol decided that the data was inconclusive. NASA launched the shuttle on January 28, 1986 and it exploded seconds later.
Boisjoly earned a mechanical engineering degree from the University of Massachusetts at Lowell. During his 27-year career in the aerospace industry, he worked on projects including lunar module life-support systems (LEMs), the moon vehicle, and solid rocket boosters (SRBs).
Faulty O-Ring Discovery
Six months before the shuttle exploded, Boisjoly wrote a memo to colleagues at Morton Thiokol. He explained that cold weather could cause the O-rings in the SRB to fail. His findings were based on an investigation of an SRB from a shuttle flight a year earlier. An O-Ring had failed in the 1985 launch when the temperature was 50° F.
A task force was created to examine the effect of cold temperatures on the boosters. The seals were found to stiffen and unseal in cold weather. If this happened at launch it would spell a certain death for the astronauts on board the shuttle.
Attempts to Prevent Disaster
The temperature fell below freezing the night before the Challenger launch. That night Boisjoly and four colleagues held a phone conference with NASA to discuss delaying the launch. He showed photo evidence of damage from the previous cold-temperature launch. The Morton Thiokol vice presidents in attendance decided the evidence was not conclusive. NASA decided to go ahead with the launch.
At the time, Morton Thiokol was discussing a new $1 billion contract with NASA. The Challenger launch had already been delayed twice; it is thought that another delay could put the company's contract in jeopardy.
Work Post-Disaster
After the Challenger disaster Boisjoly testified at a Presidential commission. He explained why he thought the O-rings had failed and provided copies of the memos he had sent six months earlier. He went on leave from Morton Thiokol and was eventually unemployed. He was told nobody could afford to hire a whistleblower. His colleagues turned against him and he said astronaut Sally Ride was the only one who supported him.
Eventually he began speaking to engineering students about workplace ethics. After leaving Morton Thiokol he donated six boxes of his personal papers and memos to Chapman University in Orange, California. He was awarded the Prize for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Read more about the Challenger disaster on CR4.
Resources:
The New York Times - Roger Boisjoly, 73, Dies; Warned of Shuttle Danger [image]
NPR - Remembering Roger Boisjoly: He Tried To Stop Shuttle Challenger Launch
Wikipedia - Roger Boisjoly
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