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The Engineer's Notebook is a shared blog for entries that don't fit into a specific CR4 blog. Topics may range from grammar to physics and could be research or or an individual's thoughts - like you'd jot down in a well-used notebook.

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Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

Posted November 08, 2007 12:01 AM by Steve Melito

Aqua Dots are small, colorful, liquid-filled beads that children can arrange into various designs and then spray with water to hold them in place. Until today, I kept a blue-and-brown Aqua Dot design on my desk, a reminder from my children they that like their father to think about them while he's at work. Today, I was reminded that part of my job – understanding how technology shapes individuals and their communities – isn't confined to my cubicle. Shortly after 5:30 AM this morning, just after watching the local news, we scoured our home for Aqua Dots and threw them all away.

Once touted as one of the hottest new toys of this overly-long Christmas season, Aqua Dots are the latest example of how "made in China" is synonymous with caveat emptor ("let the buyer beware"). Yesterday, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) announced that over 4 million Chinese-made Aqua Dots may contain a coma-inducing chemical called 1, 4-Butanediol (BD). Regulatory agencies in Canada and Australia have also announced nationwide recalls on Aqua Dots, which are marketed as "Bindeez" down under. Tragically, three Australian children have been hospitalized after ingesting the toy with the dangerous drug inside.

This news story isn't confined to CR4, of course, but there's precious little coverage of the chemistry involved. From what I understand (I'm not a chemist), 1,4-Butanediol (C4H10O2) is a viscous, colorless, organic compound produced by the synthesis of acetylene with two equivalents of formaldehyde. In large-scale production, however, 1,4-Butanediol (BD) is made by the vapor-phase hydrogenation of the esters and anhydrides of maleic acid and succinic acid. 1,4-Butanediol is used as a solvent, or in the manufacturer of certain plastics. That may explain why it was added to Aqua Dots, but the decision to use 1.4-Butanediol was a dangerous one.

Inside the human body, 1,4-Butandediol (BD) metabolizes into gamma hydroxyl butyrate (GHB) – a key component in the so-called "date rape drug". First synthesized in 1960, GHB was proposed as an anesthetic because of its ability to rapidly induce a deep coma, with only minor cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects. GHB caused seizure-like symptoms, however, and its lack of analgesia did little for post-operative pain relief. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prohibited the sale and manufacture of GHB in 1990, the chemical has become a popular alternative to "ecstasy" and methamphetamines. It's many street names include grievous bodily harm and liquid x.

In an effort to bypass FDA regulations about GHB, some manufacturers have begun selling 1,4-Butanediol commercially. The FDA has declared BD a Class I Health Hazard (i.e., a potentially life-threatening drug), but the regulatory agency's reach doesn't extend to China, the nation from which the United States imports 80% of its toys.

Resources:

http://www.reuters.com/article/governmentFilingsNews/idUSN0741410820071108

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21683347/

http://www.thestar.com/News/article/274693

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,4-butanediol

http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic848.htm

Steve Melito - The Y Files

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Commentator
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#1

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/09/2007 7:33 AM

two points in response to this: first - it is difficult to believe that the butanediol was selected as the best or most economical material to fill the aqua dots with. Isn't any one else questioning this? Second and corollary to the first - is the consumer world outside of China in an undeclared "war of ill intentions" by China?

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#2
In reply to #1

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/09/2007 8:36 AM

There's a good article in the New York Times today about how an Australian doctor named Kevin Carpenter used a mass spectrometer to identify the chemical that put one children in a coma. With regard to your first point, the Times reports the following about Dr. Carpenter's investigation:

"He contacted the toy's worldwide distributor, Moose Enterprise of Australia, who referred him to the Hong Kong office of the manufacturer. The manufacturer provided a list of the beads' ingredients. The list did not include the dangerous industrial chemical. Dr. Carpenter said the manufacturer was reluctant to provide details of how the beads were made."

Clearly, butanediol was not selected because it was the best or most economical material. My guess is that it was the cheapest - and the consequences be damned.

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#7
In reply to #2

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/09/2007 4:58 PM

I keep wondering with all the recalls of Chinese products shipped to the US, if the following scenario hasnt occurred:

Pollution control (in US) drives manufactures to ship manufacturing to China, while China doesnt want the pollutants either, so they put them (the pollutants) in the products to ship back here. I find it hard to believe that American corporations would not put specs on the materials to be used in manufacturing. You couldnt ge away without specs on toys made in the US.

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#3
In reply to #1

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/09/2007 9:39 AM

I have had similar thoughts. It would not take much to convince me that the lead in paint and the filling of the Aqua Dots with butanediol convertible to a dangerous drug was deliberate and intentional.

Where has the Consumer Protection Agency been in all of this?

What's next? clothing that slowly poisons the wearer of something equally sinister?

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#4

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/09/2007 10:08 AM

It shouldn't be surprising that this sort of thing goes on all the time in an effort to drop prices. They can only drive the labor cost down so far and then you take the manufacturing materials to the lowest price as well. Americans encourage this behavior by demanding things at the lowest possible cost, and not to sound like a Homer, but this drives a lot of manufacturing out of this country. I'm sure the Aqua Dot company never even considered what would happen if someone swallowed an Aqua Dot because they aren't forced to consider it. How about we enforce and beef up some customs inspections and pay for it by applying an import tax on "bad actor" companies/countries? Does anyone honestly think that it is only toys where this type of low-grade production is occurring? Wait until we start to get low-price cars where all the bolts and welds are weak and cars start flying apart on the freeway.

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#5

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/09/2007 10:38 AM

Guest: The discussion centers on the protection of purchasers (and their children) of products from the harmful effects of the materials used in the manufacture of those products.

Any perceived political implications are in your apparently drug fogged mind. You did not register or took the easy out of anonymous "Guest" to post you off topic rant.

If you, I, or others don't protect the children, who will?

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#6
In reply to #5

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/09/2007 11:22 AM

In my role as a CR4 administrator, I've deleted the comments of the Guest to whom Stirling Stan refers. Abusive, ad hominem attacks won't be tolerated here. Before this unfortunate digression, however, the Guest did make some remarks that are worth preserving. Here they are:

"GHB is useful because it safely let's people with Narcolepsy, sleep soundly through the night. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep paralysis (always accompanied by nightmares) & automatic behavior all bear a linear relationship to the fragmented sleep of a person with Narcolesy.

Thanks to the amphetamine family of drugs, those of us who do not want to deal with bed-wetting and other side effects of the GHB family of drugs, we can stay awake most of the day. Many people do not even know I have Narcolepsy thanks to the amphetamines. Of course, they also do not know that I have to sneak off to the toilet stall for a 5 minute nap on many days. A real class act, let me tell you.

Those of us who have Narcolepsy have to accept that no matter how much we want to be the best that we can be, nop matter how much we want to be able to provide the best we can for our families, to make our parents - our children proud, we will fall asleep in school, fall asleep at home, have to pull over on ther highway to nap, fall asleep in church, and on and on. We will not be able to stay awake to do homework, again prompting misunderstanding and failure in school and personal discouragement as we pursue higher education and our careers."

I'm sorry to learn about your medical condition, Guest. I sincerely wish you all the best and hope that you'll come back to CR4 to register as a member. If your information is accurate, you've taught us all something more about GHB. Having said all that, please remember that this forum will not allow you to attack anyone (even me) on a personal level.

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#8
In reply to #6

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/09/2007 6:37 PM

I just came across this thread, and spent the last hour considering if I could add any worthwhile comment. I can't add other than to say I applaud the comments by moose - considerate, informative, and welcoming of further reasoned discussion. If it helps guest to understand CR4 members, I literally have spent an entire hour considering the ramifications of what I can read on this post as it stands now. Match the courtesy you have been shown by giving reasoned response - you will receive much in return.

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#9
In reply to #6

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/16/2007 8:33 AM

I thought I was following the instructions accurately. I checked the box that said "off comment". I certainly did not expect Stirling Stan to disdain the discussion with near profane hyperbole (My "drug fgogged mind"). If my comments offended any of your readers, except for Sterling Stan (Interesting alias) I extend my apology.

As for Moose's implication that my comments were off-color (they were not), and Stirling Stan is allowed to engage in name-calling (so mature) this Service by Global Spec has a way to go. Good Luck!

I made a mistake engaging this forum.

Sincerely

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#10
In reply to #9

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/16/2007 8:48 AM

Your comments weren't off topic, smayer. They were a personal attack on my knowledge and character. That's why I removed them. In the end, it wouldn't have mattered if they were marked as "off topic" or not.

Message me privately if you'd like to discuss this further. I'm willing to talk about this if you're willing to stick around and look for some common ground.

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#11
In reply to #9

Re: Made in China: The Toy with the Dangerous Drug Inside

11/16/2007 9:34 AM

I'm glad you registered smayer. I don't want to veer off topic here, but I do agree with moose's recent comments. I've seen many a person new to CR4 get off on the wrong foot when presenting a point, but if they have the courage of their convictions to return, people are generally wiling to discuss. If it makes any difference, I have forgotten the reasons for original censoring of this thread, other than I felt it to be well justified. I'm not exactly unknown for sometimes saying things the wrong way ( or at least saying stuff in a manner that others don't like). I sincerely hope you return to this debate and CR4 - it is a good place, filled with lots of fine people. If uncertain, look around and read some of the various thread topics. We all aim to learn, and all seek to avoid personal confrontation etc. People like myself engage in a lot of silly banter, but it's with the intent of getting to know the other person. I don't doubt that you have something good to contribute. Hope you return,

Kris.

(and if I can copy comment by moose, you're also welcome to contact me by private message if I can help clarify things. I am simply a user of CR4, but dislike the loss of a potential member. An interesting subject has become diverted - let's all end it. I recently read some further relevent news for this topic, but typing this has diverted me. I'll try find time to add over the weekend.)

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