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Dealing with a cat's flea infestation or a dog's development of Lyme disease are some of the least fun aspects of being a pet owner. But unless you keep your pet locked up inside, some type of prevention is needed to keep pests at bay; then you and your furry friend can take that walk without worrying.
There are various types of preventative and repellant treatments on the market, as well as recipes you can mix up at home. Let's learn about some of the pests that attack our pets and what we can do to stop them. In Part 1, we'll discuss ticks.Part 2 will cover fleas and mosquitoes.
Tick Prevention
How can people keep tiny, creepy-crawly insects such as ticks off their pets? There are several ways, and most start with keeping ticks away:
- Monthly preventative treatment – application of a spot preventative makes the animal's skin toxic to ticks (and fleas).
- As-needed spray – commercial sprays (pesticides or with natural ingredients like citronella) can be applied before outdoor exposure. You can also make your own out of water and vinegar or Skin-So-Soft.
- Body check – look over your pet when he or she comes inside. Check for ticks and remove them (it takes several hours for Lyme disease to be transmitted from a biting tick).
- Vaccination – short-term immunity against Lyme disease is available for dogs only. Vaccinations are recommended by some vets but not others, and are not recommended by vet schools. This prevention method is not available for cats or horses, and the human version has been withdrawn from the market.
Lyme Disease
Ticks aren't just creepy; as most people know, they carry Lyme disease (aka borreliosis). Here are some symptoms that animals with Lyme disease can exhibit:
- Cats can seem like they have the flu but may also have a loss of appetite, stiff or swollen joints, and fatigue. Some may appear dazed or can even collapse.
- Dogs may run a fever, have swollen lymph nodes, stop eating, have trouble walking, have stiff and swollen joints, or exhibit signs of neurological disease.
- Horses are harder to diagnose as less than 10% show symptoms. Most commonly, they act irritable and unwilling to work, and can also shift their weight from side to side.
Lyme Disease Treatment
In the event that an animal does contract Lyme disease, there are effective methods for treatment. The first step is to test for the presence of the disease:
- Blood test – SNAP, ELISA, and Western Blot tests are used; some animals may test positive but act healthy and show no signs, while others may show all signs and test negative. Up to 75% of horses test positive, even though many aren't sick.
- Treatment – Tetracycline antibiotics helps improve 90% of dogs. Intravenous tetracycline can clear up Lyme disease in horses; however, a 21-day treatment of oral doxycycline can also be effective for some variations of the disease.
- Relapse – If treatment was delayed, an animal can be sick for life. It is also possible for an animal to be re-infected by a subsequent tick bite.
The barn where I currently ride has at least five horses being treated for Lyme disease. The facility is located in an area of the country where Lyme is most prevalent. Unfortunately, other than keeping the horses in a plastic bubble, there isn't much to be done except spray, check, test, and treat.
While Lyme disease isn't contagious, a tick can crawl from pet to human. So remember to check yourself as well! Read Part 2 of this series on fleas and mosquitoes next week.
Resources:
https://www.professorshouse.com/pets/cats/lyme-disease-and-cats.aspx
http://www.workingdogs.com/doc0043.htm
http://www.caberfeidh.com/Lyme.htm
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