Hello keyur 197,

It would seem your 'theory' on the use and consequent action of 'nano-powder' may be correct.

Please read the page below. It will help you in all of your referenced areas requested:

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Trends in nano powder production and applications

Market Review: IPMD 13th Edition 2008-2009, pages 47- 52, words 4305

Author: Dr Thomas Weissgärber, Fraunhofer IFAM, Winterbergstrasse 28, D-01277, Dresden, Germany.

Nanotechnology is one of the most innovative fields in science and industry worldwide. Powder metallurgy (PM) approaches can be used to produce nanostructures either by processing a nanosized powder into porous or dense materials or by refining the microstructure in high energy milling of coarser powders. B. Kieback and T. Weissgärber review new processes suitable for the fabrication of nanopowders and their mechanical, soft and hardmagnetic properties. They also discuss processing and potential applications for nanostructured cemented carbides and dispersions strengthened materials.

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The methods to produce nanostructured materials can be divided into two groups (Fig.1). In the bottom-up approach nano-building blocks (powders) are compacted to form the dense material. The top-down approach uses bulk materials and by a following treatment (mechanical, chemical) it is transferred to a nano-structured one (e.g. high-energy milling, severe plastic deformation, co-reduction of oxide solid solutions). The two approaches are suitable to produce both single-phase, nanostructured materials and nano-composites.

While the influence of the free surface and interfacial energies in a material in the micrometer scale is limited to the well known in powder metallurgy phenomena of driving forces for sintering, wetting behaviour and grain growth, by moving to nanometer dimensions even characteristics that generally are considered to be constant will change. So the melting temperature is lowered by hundreds of degrees, the lattice parameter decreases while the vapour pressure over the solid surface strongly increases if the particle size is as small as 10 nm [2]. With the decreasing particle size the part of atoms located in surfaces or interfaces increases (Fig.2) and the surface and grain boundary diffusion with coefficients 103 - 104 times higher than those of volume diffusion [3] become dominant in thermally activated processes. Important factors for the properties of nanostructured materials are the interactions between lattice defects and interfaces or surfaces as well as dimensional electric and magnetic effects. More fundamentals on this matter is given in [4, 5].

A systematic classification of nanostructured materials was proposed by Siegel [7] as shown in Fig.3 by choosing the dimension of the nanocrystalline phase as a criterion..........

Further sections of this article include:
- Production of nanopowders
- Properties and applications of nanocrystalline materials
- Outlook

Figures and tables

Fig. 1 Principle methods to produce nanostructured materials [2]
Fig. 2 Nanocrystalline material, demonstrating the high proportion of 'grain boundary atoms' [7]
Fig. 3 Principle classification of nanostructured materials according to [8]
Fig. 4 Equipment at IFAM for nano-powder production by evaporation and condensation of metals in inert gas atmosphere

Fig. 5 QinetiQ Nanomaterials Ltd in the UK uses its propriety gas phase technology to produce nanometric Ag, Al, Cu, Zn, W, Ni, Mo, WC and stainless steel powders. (14)

Fig. 6 QinetiQ Nanomaterial ES-25 magnetic stainless steel powder with particle size of 25 nanometers (13)

Fig. 7 SEM of commercially produced WC-10wt%Co nanocomposites powder manufactured by Nanotech (Korea) using a patented liquid spray conversion process followed by hydrogen reduction and carburization. Co and grain growth inhibitors can be incorporated into the liquid starting material. (13)

Fig. 8 Properties of soft-magnetic materials

Fig. 9 Increase of hardness of WC due to the reduction of grain size [46]

Fig. 10 Microstructure of WC-12Co-0,3VC after high energy milling and consolidation by hot pressing

Fig. 11 Spray dried nanoscale binderless WC powder has been developed in a European research project coordinated by Fraunhofer-IKTS Dresden. The hardness of the sintered WC was HV10 > 2200. (Fraunhofer IKTS Annual Report 1994)

Fig.12 Dispersion strengthened Cu, a) TEM micrograph of a Cu+3vol.-%TiC alloy, dispersoids are formed in-situ due to the reaction between Ti and C (dTiC=10-30nm, dCu=200nm), b) TEM micrograph of a Cu+3vol.-%TiC alloy, Dispersoids are incorporated as nano-sized TiC powder, dTiC=30-40nm, dCu=400nm, c) semi-coherent interface between Cu and TiC (to a)), incoherent interface between Cu and TiC with amorphous interlayer (to b))

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Take care and keep in touch please. Let me know if it was of use and what you intend to actually 'do' with nano-powder, OK?

Dear sir, Thanks for this useful information. Actually, one of my relative has alluminum melting furnace and he use furnace oil for this application. So i was just thinking if i could have some type of naopowder with which either i can reduce melting point of al or improve the property of furnace oil. ultimately aim is to save the environment by reducing the consumption of oil. if i can do something like this then i will be happy to apply this case for earning carbon credit. regards, keyur

Hello keyur 197.

Your reasons sound good.

Unlike most metals like steel for instance aluminum has to go through several stages before it can be 'melted' ready for use. That of course takes power and any saving there has to be good for all?

I am not at all sure you will bring down the melting point of aluminum, and I do not know, but the nano-powder may give a more refined end product? You may save on heating oil for the furnaces, but feel it advisable you should experiment with any change in the oil or aluminum, to allow you to know if either or both are going to increase the furnace temperature enough, that it may damage rather than be overall beneficial?

Tests can be done on the burning temp' of the oil in a very small scale, which should answer the oil question. Doing the same with the aluminum may be a little more difficult.

What I am 'getting at' is, if the oil burns hotter and the aluminum burns hotter for even a short time, which you are not able to judge before any tests, it may not work or be detrimental to the furnace and or overall quality of the product during and perhaps after the initial melt.

I am unable to advise you on this. I suggest you do a whole lot more reading, including asking advice of the Aluminium Accredited Association/s

I show a list below of associations which you should for sure be researching and or contacting, as they will have a whole lot more experience than anyone who has answered you so far.

They may well already have experimented with 'nano-powder' and could provide you with useful advice on any alterations necessary to either the oil mixing and or the furnace burn?.

This is my thoughts and opinions only. Get in touch with all the relevant organisations, furnace builders, oil, oil jet, input manifold, etc, ad infinitum. Including researching these accredited associations

If you are able you may want to research the products of 'thermodynamics' in part or further by reading this and following the various links, unless you have already done so. Stay within your own realm (metallurgy, power, aluminum production etc), and you may find mention of > nano-powder < .

And or see the various links on the 'Thermodynamics' sites below................

I think this may be a little more 'involved and complicated' than perhaps you may have first thought? But if something works, then it will have been worth it.

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thermodynamics in aluminium production

Take care and good luck with your research!

Yes. Addition of any nano powder will increase the durability of any plastic, and also reduce the weight of the plastic. Most nano particles and nano powders have negative weight, and most can be assigned any desired property, such as the ability to improve combustion while reducing the requirement for the essential contributors to combustion such as the O2 in air.

In the investment world, you will find that adding the word nanotech to any business plan will double or triple company evaluations. Nanofleece is often used in the investment world.