With the recent launch of another spacecraft, let's step
back and consider all of the man-made objects in outer space. The Mars Rover
and the International Space Station (ISS) are significant technical
accomplishments, and hundreds of satellites help us to complete everyday tasks
such as placing long-distance phone calls. But then there is the debris left
over from our many explorations into space. This stuff is better known as space
junk.
Today, more then 9000 pieces of space junk are orbiting the
Earth. This debris zooms around the planet at speeds up to 25,000 miles per
hour, which is equivalent to 36,666 feet per second! With so much debris moving
at such a high rate of speed, a collision could be catastrophic. Under these conditions,
a 1-mm metal chip can do as much damage as a .22 caliber rifle bullet. A piece
the size of a pea is as dangerous as a 400 lb. safe falling at 60 mph, while a
metal sphere the size of a tennis ball is as lethal as 25 sticks of dynamite!
What does this mean for astronauts? Well, depending on the
space junk's size and point of impact, even a pea-size piece could penetrate a
spacecraft and cause serious damage. A tennis-ball sized piece would penetrate
and seriously damage - if not destroy - an
entire spacecraft. NASA worries about space debris so much that mission control
has changed a shuttle's flight path to avoid pea-sized debris. On several
occasions, astronauts have also had to replace windows on the International
Space Station. These windows were damaged by a single flake of paint.
By now, you're probably wondering what all of this space junk
is and how it got there. Well, the simple answer is this - we put it there. Some
of the debris is from old satellites that were left in orbit until they exploded
from left-over fuel and other high pressure fluids. Space junk also includes loosened
paint-chips from the hundreds of objects in orbit, jettisoned spacecraft parts,
nuts and bolts, solar cells, nuclear reactor cores, solid fuel fragments, and much
more. Unfortunately, new debris is formed every day as objects collide with
each other and break apart.
So what can we do about this? The current (and blunt) answer
is this - not much. The best solution would be to remove large, obsolete
objects from orbit; however, there is no inexpensive way to do this. Other
ideas include attaching tethers to objects in order to slow them down and force
them to fall back to Earth, forcing newly-launched satellites to have engines
that can direct them back to Earth at the end of their life span, and using
ground based lasers to disrupt satellite orbits. But none of these ideas seems
practical. In the meantime, the United States Space Command (USSPACECOM) is
monitoring the debris, using radar and "electronic eyes" to track space junk.
The risks posed by debris in outer space worries NASA and
the astronauts who bravely put their lives on the line. Although this debris is
monitored carefully, the world needs a way to greatly minimize - if not eliminate
- the debris that we create. The junk yard orbiting planet Earth needs to be cleaned
up, but there are no trash compactors or incinerators in space. What should we
do?
CR4 Aerospace Blog
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